For the intake of air fuel mixture and exhaust of gases camshaft operated valves are mounted on the cylinder head. In this paper, we have proposed a novel physical model of a shutter valve to replace the traditional camshaft operated valve resulting in a camless four-stroke engine. The lift control for the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves are monitored traditionally by a camshaft which is a mechanical component having a fixed shape. A camless engine replaces the camshaft by allowing the control of valves through the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The already developed valves have limitations in terms of lift, life expectancy or higher costs. This research work proposes a novel shutter valve design instead of a poppet valve for intake and exhaust of fourstroke engines. These valves are then operated directly by an ECU and controlled through pulse width modulation. The proposed variation in shutter valve design optimally adjusts and controls the fuel intake amount and the flow of exhaust gases in and out of the cylinder respectively. The opening of the valve can be set to maximum or at the desired angle so that the engine can run according to the driver's requirement. The novel design of the shutter valve will reduce the engine cost and will improve the fuel economy. At the same time, providing complete control to the driver's performance preferences.
The conventional unmanned aerial vehicles have limited supply of power due to which they are grounded after designated hours of flight. In this paper, the autonomous charging of UAVs is proposed, developed, implemented to increase the battery charging and operational life. The development of automated charging system for UAVs is achieved by utilizing the solar based charging system by means of charging stations marked throughout the route of a UAV. The drone, according to the predefined programming, evaluates its charging level and when the level drops below the set threshold, it lands on a landing site. The UAV can charge itself through contact-based charging functionality without a human's interference. This allows the UAVs to stay in flight for longer periods of time and does not requires intervention of humans to change the battery pack. This will increase the efficiency in terms of surveillance and allows the legal agencies carrying out surveillance to maintain their cover and achieve footage which might have been lost while landing the UAV to change the battery pack. This system can perform surveillance to be carried out by a single UAV as it does not rely upon human's support for the supply of power. The improvement in the battery life allows UAVs to hover for longer hours thus avoiding the risk of crash landings and damage to the UAVs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.