The study aimed to ascertain the effects of delta-tocotrienol (δT3) supplementation on glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and related micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Total 110 patients of T2DM on oral hypoglycemic agents, were randomly divided into tocotrienol and placebo groups and given 250 mg δT3 or cellulose soft gel capsule once daily respectively for 24 weeks. Glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, and miRNAs expression were measured in serum at baseline and end of the intervention by using standard laboratory methods. Compared to the placebo, δT3 supplementation resulted in a significant (p ≤ .05) reduction [mean difference (95% confidence interval)] in plasma glucose [−0.48 (−0.65, −0.30)], insulin [−1.19 (−1.51, −0.87)], homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [−0.67 (−0.86, −0.49)], glycosylated hemoglobin [−0.53 (−0.79, −0.28)], malondialdehyde [−0.34 (−0.45, −0.22)], high sensitive-Creactive protein[−0.35 (−0.54, −0.16)], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [−1.22 (−1.62, −0.83)], and interleukin-6[−2.30 (−2.91, −1.68)]. More than twofold downregulation in miRNA expression was observed in the δT3 group compared to the placebo. The study demonstrated that δT3 supplementation in addition to oral hypoglycemic agents, improved glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress, and miRNA expression in T2DM without any adverse effect. Thus, δT3 might be considered as an effective dietary supplement to prevent long-term diabetic complications.
