Using panel data from the International Country Risk Guide corruption index, institutional quality and political stability indices and several state variables for developed and developing countries, this paper explores the linear quadratic empirical relationship between corruption and economic growth. Empirical literature has shown a linear relationship between corruption and economic growth but hasn't dif ferentiated between growthenhancing and growth-reducing levels of corruption. An analysis based on the generalized method of moments estimation shows that a decrease in corruption raises the economic growth rate in an inverted U-shaped way. This result is robust with respect to alternative specifications of the econometric relationship.
PurposeDrawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), the study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) on knowledge management (KM) processes and further examines the mediating role of KM processes on the linkage between EL and project success (PS).Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 304 project workers in software projects, and the proposed relationships were assessed through SMART-PLS structural equation modeling tool.FindingsThe study found a significant impact of EL on KM processes and PS. The analysis also revealed that KM processes significantly impact project success while EL impact PS indirectly through KM processes.Originality/valueThe relevancy of the research stems from the scarcity of research on EL, while studies on the role of leadership as a predictor of KM are significantly limited. Additionally, there is a scarcity of research on the impact of KM on project success. This is one of the earliest studies that investigate the inter-relationship among EL, KM processes and project success.
Nanocomposites of ZnO have been synthesized by auto-combustion technique to study their electrical (dielectric and direct current), optical, and structural properties by increasing copper content in these composites. Techniques used for characterizing these composite nanoparticles involve X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns suggested hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO, which remains unchanged upon increasing the amount of Cu dopant. However, there is a noticeable decrease in the particle size with rising Cu content. Morphology of the crystallites, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, is nearly spherical. Dielectric parameters, including dielectric constant and dielectric loss, decrease, whilst AC conductivity increases with the increase of Cu content as well as with the rise of frequency of the applied alternating biasing field. In addition, DC electrical conductivity is also improved by the enhancement of Cu doping percentage and temperature. These variations of electrical parameters of nanocomposites allow their potential utilization in those devices which are operated at high frequencies. Band gap energy Eg, analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, is noticed to decrease upon rising Cu content from 3.39 eV to 2.46 eV, and depicts a red shift from UV to visible light region. PL emission intensity decreased in the studied light spectrum by increasing Cu content implying that the recombination rate of photo-induced charge carriers decreases effectively. Thus, upon Cu doping reduction in Eg occurs, which along with the reduced recombination rates of photogenerated electrons and holes pairs, becomes a cause of the participation of more and more charge carriers in the photocatalysis process in order to degrade the organic compounds.
Water stress experienced by a wheat crop during growth is recognized to have accumulative effect stated as a decline in total biomass over well water potential. The yield and nutrient uptake performance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (Pirsabak-2013 and Atta Habib) to foliar feeding of 2% potassium (K) at three various growth phases (Zadoks GS-22, Zadoks GS-60 and Zadoks GS-73) was explored under water restricted environment in a wire house trial at the Agriculture Research Station, Harichand, Charsadda. The target was to find out the preeminent K application stage for enhancement in the drought tolerance potential. Drought stress was generated by suppression of irrigation at the three growth phases and then K was sprayed with the carboxymethyl cellulose as a sticking agent, however Tween-20 was used as a surfactant for foliar spray. Data about several agronomic characters (plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000grain weight and grain yield per plant) of crop were documented via standard techniques.Moreover, at maturity, aboveground nitrogen, phosphorus, K, sodium and calcium uptakes by the crop were determined. The results point out that drought stress at all three acute growth phases unfavorably affected plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and nutrient uptake of the wheat plant. The exogenous K application under drought stress at all three acute growth phases boosted tolerance of wheat by decreasing noxious nutrient's uptake and augmenting the yield and yield characters. In this concerns, both varieties exposed undeviating behavior. Extreme enhancement in all the documented yield parameters and nutrients uptake was attained when K was practiced at grain filling stage of both varieties.
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