Most countries have developed green building rating tools that are based on social, environmental, and economic dimensions. Pakistan followed a similar approach and has developed a rating tool known as Sustainability in Energy and Environmental Development (SEED). However, SEED is built on developed western countries’ rating tool standards which do not address Pakistan’s unique local context, especially from the cultural and governmental perspectives. This research aims to fill this research gap by developing a holistic framework of building rating tools that incorporates cultural and governmental dimensions. Based on an extensive literature review, a hypothetical framework, incorporating Pakistan’s unique local contexts and adding cultural and governmental dimensions to the widely adopted social, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainability, was proposed in this paper. This framework was further validated by in-depth interviews with multiple stakeholders in Pakistan. A qualitative analysis of the interview results was carried out, and the final framework was proposed with key indicators, reflecting all five dimensions of sustainability. The verified sustainability framework can be used to improve or develop green building rating tools for Pakistan, and it can also inform other developing countries’ rating tool development.

Objectives: This study's goal is to learn how satisfied patients are with the dental department's services at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: The study was carried out in Islamic international dental hospital, Islamabad in six months duration. Materials and methods: In a dental hospital, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample size was 153, the confidence level was 95%, and the margin of error was 5%. Through the use of convenience sampling, data were gathered. To gauge patients' impressions of their satisfaction with the hospital's availability, accessibility, and convenience of services as well as staff behaviour, a survey was undertaken. Results: The results gathered indicated that the patients were satisfied with the dentistry department's services. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the hospital's cleanliness, doctor's demeanour, and appointment scheduling. It was noted that several aspects, such as waiting times, were their top priorities. Conclusion: This survey demonstrates how satisfied patients are with the periodontology department at Islamic International Dental College & Hospital in terms of accessibility, availability, and convenience. A few procedures for shortening wait times and scheduling appointments still require improvement. Keywords: patient satisfaction, dental hospital, services.

Objective: Was to assess the mandibular asymmetry on panoramic radiograph (OPG) as compared to PA (posterior anterior) cephalogram. Materials and method: A total of 15 participant’s records with age above 12 years; both genders; Pakistani nationals; clear OPG and PA cephalogram available; and full biodata available were included. Radiographs of participants with unerupted or missing teeth in anterior or posterior region were excluded. Three linear measurements (condylar, ramus, and body length) and one angular measurement (gonial angle) were performed on both OPG and PA cephalograms. Paired t test and Pearson correlation test were applied between OPG and PA cephalogram for condylar, ramus, and body length and gonial angle to see the relationship. Results: The females were 6(40%) and males were 9(60%). The mean condylar length measured on OPG was 8.44 ± 2.96mm and on PA cephalogram was 9.98 ± 2.73mm with mean difference of 1.5mm and no statistical difference (p=0.1007). Similarly the ramus length (p=0.706), corpus length (p=0.066) and gonial angle (p=0.333) were not statistically different measured on OPG and PA cephalogram. Very high correlation was found for measurements on OPG and PA cephalogram for condylar length(r=0.97), ramus length (r=0.96), body length (r=0.93) and was very highly statistically significant (p<0.001). But the correlation for gonial angle was moderate and not statistically significant (p=0.035). Conclusion: The panoramic radiograph can be used for initial diagnosis of mandibular asymmetry. Keywords: Mandibular asymmetry, panoramic radiograph, posterior-anterior cephalogram

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