Aim: To assess the magnitude of worm infections, their type and to correlate the impact of worm infections in children with their body mass index. Method: The study was carried out on school going children for 5-10 years of age in Tehsil Narowal, District Narowal, and Pakistan. They were of different age groups with lower socio economic status. 406 children randomly selected from various government and private schools from the various union councils for both genders (male and female). Early morning fresh stool samples were collected in sealed labeled plastic containers with lid and analyzed microscopy for the presence of eggs/ova/larvae or worm infections in laboratory. Anthropometric measurements were taken at the spot by using measuring scale for weight and height along with their mid arm circumferences. Body Mass Index was calculated and compared with standard percentile charts for age and gender. Results: 145 (35.71%) children found with various types of worm infection. 56 (35.67%) and 89 (35.74%) children were positive with helminthes male and female respectively in the studied population. Sixth and seventh year of age in both male and female were more susceptible for the infestation. Taenia saginata was the more common found organism in gastrointestinal tract of male population and Giardia lamblia in female among the children of studied area. 137 (94.48%) children were infected with the single intestinal worm while only 8 (5.52%) children with more than one intestinal worm. 57.24% had lower, 41.4% had normal and only 1.4% had above normal BMI among infected children. Majority (65.9%) had normal, 27.2% had lower than normal, and 6.9% had above normal BMI found among non-infected children. Conclusion: From the results of present study it can be concluded that intestinal worms play significant role in reducing anthropometric measurement of school going children. The factors including personal hygiene, dietary habits, type of drinking water, animals and pets keeping, overcrowded and congested living environment, large family members, toilet facility, toilet trainings, personal hygiene awareness, PICA habits and lack of de-worming contributes largely towards the worm burden in the children. A single cause is not only the attributing factor to reduce the anthropometric measurements.
Background: Humeral shaft fracture accounts for approximately 3% of all the types of fractures and is the most common type of fracture occurring in adults. A surgical intervention for a humeral shaft fracture is controversial whether as to intervene or not but for other types of fractures like multiple fractures, severely displaced fractures, a comminuted fracture and fractures where there is vascular and nerve injury surgical intervention is definitely required. Aim: Outcomes of comparison between I/M interlocking nail and plating in fractures of humerus shaft in adult patients. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sh. Zayed Hospital, Lahore over a period of six months. 190 patients (divided in two equal groups by lottery method) were included. Informed consent was taken. Demographics like age, gender, duration of fracture were obtained. In group A patients underwent surgery by using IMN fixation. In group B, patients underwent surgery by using plate. Patients were followed-up in OPD of 10 days. Then patients were followed-up further in OPD for 24 weeks. If union achieved in 24 weeks, then success was labeled. Results: Total of 190 patients, mean age was calculated as 39.57±8.09 years in group A and 40.01±8.79 years in group B. There were 62(32.6%) males whereas 48(25.3%) were females in group A and that 63(33.2%) were male whereas 32(16.8%) were females in group B. Frequency of success was 94(49.5%) in group A and 92(49.4%, in group B. Frequency of infection was 1(0.5%) in group A and 2(1.1%) in group B Conclusion: It is concluded that there was no significant difference in both groups. Intramedullary nail and plate provides good outcome with no complications in the treatment of humerus shaft fractures. Keywords: Humerus shaft Fracture, Intramedullary nail, Plate.
Background: Complex proximal tibial fractures caused by high energy trauma classified as Schatzker type V and VI pose a management challenge due to associated extensive soft tissue damage.Though open reduction and dual plating is considered a gold standard treatment option in these fractures but associated with wound breakdown and infection. Aim: To evaluate the radiological and functional outcomes of percutaneous hybrid fixator as alternative treatment option in these fractures. Methodology: This study designed as prospective case series was conducted in Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore between May 2019 to May 2021.Twenty four patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were operated using a hybrid external fixator in schatzkerV and VI tibial plateu fractures with compromised soft tissue.On follow upradiological and functional outcomes were being evaluated. Results: At Six months follow up after surgery Rasmussen knee score was graded as excellent in 13, good in 8, fair in 3 and poor in 0 patients.In radiological outcome mean time to bony union was 13.5 weeks.One case of varus malunion and no case case of non union was observed in our study. Conclusion: Hybrid external fixator is a well found fixation alternative as compared to conventional open reduction and internal fixation in Complex tibial plateau fractures with extensive soft tissue disruption achieving satisfactory radiological and functional outcomes. Keywords: Schatzker, Tibial plateau, Hybrid fixator.
Background: Posterolateral knee dislocation rarely occur and might not reduce due to buttonholing of the Femoral condyle into the anteromedial knee joint capsule. These are complex injuries without any clear guidelines in terms of management. Case presentation: 40-year-old male presented with posterolateral knee dislocation due to a road traffic accident. Patient was having posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury along with posterolateral corner instability supported by clinical examination and confirmed with radiologic investigations. Management and Results: Patient was managed with single-stage arthroscopic reconstruction of PCL followed by open posterolateral corner ligaments reconstruction. Postoperatively patient had positive functional outcomes with satisfactory international knee documentation committee subjective knee form (IKDC) scores. Conclusion: Posterolateral Corner Injury (PLC) injury with associated PCL injury showed positive results when managed in a single-stage procedure.
Aim: To determine the union rate in subtrochanteric femoral fractures fixed with dynamic condylar screw system. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and duration of study: This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from June 2019 to December 2021. Methodology: This study included 100 patients with subtrochanteric femoral fractures. Sampling was done with the consecutive sampling technique. Male and female patients were included in this study. The A.O classification was used to classify all the fractures. After 8 weeks, the fracture union was evaluated, and the results (in terms of yes/no) were documented on a pre-designed proforma. Results: This study included 100 patients with subtrochanteric femoral fractures. The patients' average age was 39.56±15.125 years, and the average duration of fracture was 4.10±1.973 days. There were fifty nine female patients (59%), and forty one male patients (41%). Type A fractures were reported in 19(19%) patients, type B in 48 (48%) patients, and type C in 33 (33%). Fracture union was reported in 79 (79%) of the 100 cases. Dynamic condylar screw is regarded as a very good implant for subtrochanteric fractures due to numerous advantages such as ease of availability, stable fixation, increased strength, resistance to stress failure and reduced surgical time. However, the union rate in our local population was not known prior to our research. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the union rates in subtrochanteric femoral fractures fixed with dynamic condylar screw. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed an increased union rate in patients with subtrochanteric femoral fractures fixed with DCS (dynamic condylar screw system). There was a significant relationship between patient age, fracture duration, and fracture type. Keywords: Subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures, Internal Fixation, Dynamic Condylar Screw.
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