Epigenetics is the study of nucleotide modifications that are heritable and act as regulatory mechanisms without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. Exogenous cues such as environment, lifestyle, nutrition, stress, and psychological factors affect epigenetic mechanisms. This mechanism is in concordance with the genetic information that plays an important role during prenatal and postnatal life of an individual. Recent epigenetic studies have revealed the potential of epigenetics in elucidating the mechanisms of different diseases. In this review, we discuss basic epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in health and disease. In addition, reported aberrations in epigenetic regulation for some common human diseases are described. Finally, we address some epigenetic approaches that have shown potential for targeted treatment of diseases.
Aims: To compare and evaluate the bonding ability of bulk-fill resin composite (RC) to four different liners: Biodentine (BD), TheraCal (TLC)-a novel resin-modified calcium silicate cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) using a universal silane-containing adhesive and characterizing their failure modes. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted intact human premolars with occlusal cavity (4-mm diameter and 2-mm height) were mounted in acrylic blocks and divided into four groups of (n=10 samples) each based on the liner used as group I; (BD), group II; (TLC), group III; (RMGIC) and Group IV; (GIC). Bulk-fill composite buildup of 3 mm diameter and 5 mm height was then bonded to each sample using universal adhesive. Shear bond strength (SBS) analysis was performed using materials testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test for numerical data while chi square test for categorical one. Results: One-way analysis with ANOVA revealed significant difference in bond strength values between the different groups (p<0.001). The observed modes of failure were predominantly cohesive in Biodentine, TheraCal and GIC groups while RMGIC showed majority of mixed and minority adhesive failures. Conclusions: Biodentine demonstrated lower bond strength values when immediately bonded to bulk-fill resin composite compared with RMGIC, TheraCal and GIC groups (2906)
Twenty freshly extracted non-carious human molars were used. The mineral content of all teeth was initially assessed using EDX. Teeth were then divided randomly into two groups each containing ten samples. All teeth were placed in demineralizing agent after which one group (I) was remineralized using egg shell solution while the other group (II) was remineralized using fluoride varnish (Proshield, President dental Germany). This process was held in a pH cycling mode.Regarding mineral content specimens of both groups were initially assessed (base line measurements), then reassessed directly after demineralization, three days from remineralization and at the end of seven days remineralization period. Results were as follow : Regarding Ca wt % and comparing the two groups there was no statistical significance at base line measurements, after demineralization and after three days from remineralization. Meanwhile after seven days remineralization group (I) demonstrated statistically significant lower mean Ca atomic wt % than group (II). Regarding phosphorus atomic wt % for measurements of base line, after demineralization and after remineralization there was no statistical significance between the two groups. Regarding the effect of time for Ca wt % and after seven days group (I) showed non statistically significant decrease in Ca wt % compared to that at base line, while group (II) showed non statistically significant difference from the value measured at base line. For the P wt % and after seven days both groups demonstrated non statistically significant lower mean values compared to base line data.
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