Growing populations and rapid worldwide urbanization are recognized as constituting one of the most complex processes in the world and have raised concerns about the sustainability of cities. Sustainable development, a widely accepted strategic framework in city planning, singles out urban green spaces as a primary solution for addressing these issues. Growing empirical evidences indicate that the presence of natural areas contributes to a better quality of life in many ways. Urban green spaces serve as places of identity, memory, and belonging; enrich human life with meaning and emotions by providing important social and psychological benefits; and enhance the quality of life of citizens, which is a key component of sustainability. Despite our understanding of the benefits of urban green spaces, little is known about the benefits of historical urban green spaces. To highlight their importance with regard to environmental sustainability and citizens' well-being, this study analyzes a number of historical Persian gardens that are still actively used by urban residents. The findings suggest that historical Persian gardens could accommodate many social functions and address many of the psychological issues relating to urban dwelling. It has been generally acknowledged that sense of community and place attachment is pivotal to creating sustainable urban environments. Historical gardens as physical components can OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 13291 cohesively weave together many parts of cities of any cities while providing places for public congregation as well as attracting a variety of local economic activities. All these attributes can make historical Persian gardens as a valuable municipal resource and a key ingredient for city's living sustainability.

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The assessment of authentic beauty of rural landscape requires valid indicators of visual aesthetic to attain this, the paper aimed at produces valid indicators that considered perception and preference of experts and stakeholders with the application of theory driven indicator. The driven indicators are tested through a systematic approach by using Research Model Analysis to authenticate its veracity. The design, stratification and administration of questionnaire with special reference to demographic factors were based on the 5 photographs taken in selected rural area for both 126 stakeholders and 51 expert using Different Item Functioning analysis. The findings identify Complexity as the valid indicator that agreed by both groups.

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