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The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive effects of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation on firm performance. Data for the study was collected using a cross-sectional quantitative survey. A total of 188 useable responses were collected from SMEs in Malaysia. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation have a positive impact on firm performance. Furthermore, the impacts of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capability on knowledge creation are also examined in this study. The findings suggest that innovation capability is positively related to knowledge creation, but entrepreneurial orientation does not have a significant impact on knowledge creation. This study makes a considerable contribution to the existing literature on entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capability and knowledge creation of SMEs, particularly in regards to explaining the performance of Malaysian SMEs.

Investigations to determine whether program perceived value could influence program satisfaction, program card loyalty and store loyalty are critical to elucidate the roles and significance of the constructs and advancing management practice. Accordingly, in line with this research direction, this study aims to assess the effects of program perceived value offered by few leading retail superstores and departmental stores in Malaysia on its members’ loyalty towards the store. The data set utilized in this study has been obtained via quota sampling technique, where a sample of 153 retail loyalty programs’ members was analyzed. An integrative conceptual model was developed and tested using Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS program. The results exemplify that program perceived value is a strong driver of program satisfaction and program card loyalty. Unexpectedly, program perceived value is not a significant predictor of store loyalty but, it has an indirect effect on store loyalty mediated by program satisfaction. Continuous plea in marketing management is to make marketing instruments more efficient. In recent years introduction of customer relationship marketing instruments is strongly advocated, both in marketing theory and practice. Several researchers (e.g., Berry 1983; Berry and Parasuraman 1991; and Gronroos, 1994) have changed the focus of a marketing orientation from attracting short-term, discrete transactional customers to retaining long-lasting, intimate customer relationships. In fact Roberts, Varki, Brodie (2003), further suggested that it is best to describe relationship marketing as the formation of “bonds” between the company and the customer. Achieving an effective relationship in a consumer context is considered to be even more challenging than it is in a business-to-business context, given the generally more polygamous character of consumers as opposed to business customers (Keng and Ehrenberger 1984; Pressey and Matthews 1998).

This study aimed to examine the relationship among customer value co-creation, relationship quality, and relationship equity in the tailoring services in Malaysia. Moreover, this study also investigated whether customer personality trait plays a moderating role in the relationship of value co-creation behavior and relationship quality as well as the relationship between relationship quality and relationship equity. A total of 245 questionnaires were collected via purposive sampling from customers seeking tailoring services from SME tailoring businesses. The findings revealed that customer value cocreation has a statistically significant influence on relationship quality. In addition, relationship quality was also positively related to relationship equity. However, the moderating effect of customer personality trait was not significant. This study contributes to the existing literature on customer co-creation and personality traits of consumers in tailoring services of SMEs, particularly in explaining the relationship equity of consumers.

This study aimed at examining the relationship among program benefi ts (utilitarian/monetary, hedonic, and symbolic), program satisfaction, and loyalty (program loyalty and store loyalty)

The Global Islamic Economy Indicator recognizes Malaysia as a global leader of the Islamic/Halal economy. Malaysia is also expanding its Islamic Economy and Business Ecosystem. Accordingly, the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development (MED) in Malaysia aims to produce a million small and medium enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs in 2019-2023. However, the Global Innovation Index in 2018 and 2019 ranked Malaysia in the 35th place globally, behind top Asian innovators like Singapore, South Korea, and Japan. This raises an important question: How can Malaysia foster its entrepreneurial economy using its advantageous position in the Halal industry? Malaysia must act now to prepare for a future led by innovation and technology. The country can use the Halal Entrepreneurship Success Scale to foster sustainable innovation and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Measuring the success of Halal entrepreneurs in Malaysia can help it to achieve the SDGs. The religious background of Halal entrepreneurs motivates them to contribute positively to their society and environment. Halal entrepreneurship can be a driver of transformation that can help attain and deliver the SDGs while promoting sustainable economic growth. The findings of this paper can be useful to policy makers, regulators, practitioners, and academics.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how Halal entrepreneurs perceive success and accordingly develop a novel scale to measure Halal entrepreneurship success. Design/methodology/approach A sequential mixed methodology was used to develop the Halal entrepreneurship success scale (HESS). The qualitative phase began with a literature review to gain insights into (Halal) entrepreneurship success and identify gaps. Ten respondents were then interviewed to understand how they perceive success. The scale items were then generated based on insights from the literature and the interview findings. The quantitative phase was carried out in two cycles. In the first cycle, a questionnaire was developed and pilot data were collected from a representative sample of 100 respondents. In the second cycle, the revised scale was tested on 300 respondents to confirm its final items and dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used in the quantitative phase. Findings The final HESS scale contains 24 items divided into four dimensions: Islamic success (seven items), economic success (six items), social success (five items) and environmental success (six items). Originality/value This scale is perhaps the first to measure entrepreneurial success in its association with religion. It is expected to be a useful contribution to entrepreneurship theory and the Halal industry. The paper presents a foundation for future works on how to define the measures of success of Halal entrepreneurs.

This study examines loyalty programs in Malaysia in terms of perceived equity, value, program satisfaction, program trust, and store loyalty. A total of 400 questionnaires were collected from cardholders in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The hypotheses were based on social exchange and equity theories. The structural equation model that assessed the relationship between the proposed variables was tested using AMOS 6.0. The findings revealed that perceived equity and perceived value of the loyalty program significantly influence program satisfaction and trust. Program trust was the most important predictor of store loyalty. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are discussed. Santrauka Autoriai analizuoja Malaizijoje paplitusias mažmeninės prekybos programas, t. y. jų vertę, patrauklumą, pasitikėjimą programa ir lojalumą. Tyrime dalyvavo 400 respondentų. Hipotezės buvo pagrįstos socialinių mainų ir lygybės teorijomis. Sudarytas struktūrinis modelis vertina siūlomų rodiklių ir jų variacijų santykinę priklausomybę naudojant AMOS 6.0. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad tiek nuosavo kapitalo, tiek siūlomos programos lojalumas turi įtakos programos pasitenkinimo ir pasitikėjimo lygiui. Pasitikėjimas programa buvo vienas svarbiausių veiksnių vertinant vartotojų lojalumą.