In this study, the authors evaluated parenteral treatment of zebu cattle, with naturally and experimentally induced bovine dermatophilosis, in western Sudan, using four different antibiotic treatments. In terms of recovery rate, weight gain, avoiding relapse and preventing death, gentamycin was found to be the most effective treatment, followed by a combination of penicillin and streptomycin and, finally, long-acting oxytetracycline. However, enrofloxacin was not successful. A significant improvement in the red blood cell count was noticed among cattle treated with penicillin-streptomycin (p = 0.021) and gentamycin (p = 0.029). All treated cattle, except those treated with enrofloxacin, showed a significant improvement in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (p = 0.021); mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.021), and white blood cell count (p < 0.021). Significant improvements were observed among treated cattle in their total levels of protein, calcium (p = 0.021) and cholesterol (p < 0.05), when compared to untreated cattle infected with Dermatophilus congolensis. This study recommends gentamycin as a drug of choice for the parenteral treatment of dermatophilosis. Treatment was not only effective in early, mild cases but also useful among moderately and heavily affected cattle. According to the observations of the authors, when no intervention took place, the condition of moderately and heavily affected cattle deteriorated and/or resulted in death. Keywords Antibiotics-Bovine dermatophilosis-Cutaneous streptothricosis-Dermatophilus congolensis-Haematological and blood chemical parameters-Sudan-Western Sudan-Zebu cattle.

We report a case of an elderly gentleman with renal cell carcinoma presenting with the rare entity of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH). Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia syndrome is caused by the tumor producing insulin-like growth factor II, causing hypoglycemia. The syndrome is most commonly associated with very large fibromas or fibrosarcomas.

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Background: Apelin and angiotensin I receptor-related protein J receptor (APJ) were found to be expressed in the kidney. Also, in cases of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), platelet function was found to be affected. Apelin-13 treatment effect on both kidney and platelet functions in cases of CRF was not fully understood. Aim of Study:To investigate the possible protective effect of apelin-13 on kidney and platelet function in adenineinduced CRF in rats.Material and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups of eight rats each as follow: Intact control group received a standard diet for 28 days, adenine treated group received a standard diet added to it adenine (0.75% w/w) for 28 days, and adenine + apelin treated group received a standard diet added to it adenine as in the adenine treated group with a concomitant treatment with apelin-13 for 28 days. Apelin-13 was dissolved in saline immediately before use and was given at a dose of 5µ g/kg body weight/day subcutaneously. 24-hour urine samples were collected, and 24-hour water intake was estimated on the 28 th day of the study, while each rat was kept in a separate metabolic cage. The collected urine samples were measured for volume, total protein, and creatinine levels. After 28 days from the start of the experimental period, rats were fasted overnight, and their blood pressure was measured using the Power Lab. Blood samples were collected and a part of it was placed in heparinized tubes to investigate platelet indices and another part of blood was kept in nonheparinized tubes which were left to clot for 30min at room temperature. Clotted blood was centrifuged at 3000rpm for 15min. The supernatant serum was pipetted off using fine tipped automatic pipettes and stored at -20ºC until assayed.Results: Treatment with adenine (0.75%, w/w) for 28 days caused a significant decrease (p<0.001) in Body Mass Index (BMI) and a significant increase (p<0.001) of the relative kidney weight when compared with that of the control group. On concomitant treatment with apelin-13 and adenine significantly mitigated (p<0.001) the adenine-induced reduction in BMI and the increase in relative kidney weight. Water intake and urine output of adenine treated rats were significantly higher (p<0.001) than that in control rats, while, Conclusion: Apelin-13 treatment improved both kidney and platelet functions, and may give a promising strategy for slowing the progression of CRF and its complications.

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