Plastics based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends generally have limited miscibility, and it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous blend. Although they show excellent properties, their thermal degradation rate is a concern. This work aims to realize a homogeneous blend with higher chitosan concentration, thus expected to increase its degradation properties. An extrusion technique successfully synthesized LDPE and chitosan blends. The mixtures were prepared by adding maleic anhydride (MA) and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) as a compatibilizer and initiator, respectively. The addition of MA and TBPB resulted in homogeneous blends and using chitosan concentration of 40 %wt resulted in better tensile strength and elongation at break. The water uptake increased along with chitosan concentration in the blends. The thermal behavior analysis of the blends conducted by simultaneous TG/DTA revealed that the increase of chitosan concentration tends to improve the blend's thermal degradation slightly. Moreover, chitosan addition resulted in approximately a hundred times larger biodegradability compared to plastics based on LDPE alone.
Limbah padat industri karet sukar mengalami degradasi di alam sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan karet reklim dari limbah outsole terhadap sifat fisis dan sifat thermal dari produk outsole. Pencampuran karet dan bahan aditif lainnya dilakukan menggunakan mesin kneader dan open mill sedangkan proses vulkanisasi dilakukan dengan mesin hydraulic press. Variasi yang digunakan adalah jumlah karet reklim yang ditambahkan yaitu 12,5; 37,5 dan 62,5 phr. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa produk outsole dengan penambahan karet reklim memberikan hasil organoleptis berupa permukaan rata, tidak retak, tidak pecah, tidak kotor dan kesamaan ukuran untuk semua variasi. Pengujian fisis menunjukan ketahanan kikis, kuat tarik dan perpanjangan putus akan mengalami penurunan, sedangkan nilai kekerasan cenderung naik dengan penambahan karet reklim. Ketahanan retak lentur menunjukan hasil untuk penambahan 12,5 dan 37,5 phr dalam kondisi baik dan tidak retak, sedangkan pada 62,5 phr sudah mengalami keretakan. Hasil pengujian kestabilan thermal menunjukan bahwa sampel memiliki kestabilan thermal relatif sama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan jika penambahan karet reklim dari limbah outsole sampai 37,5 phr memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai filler pada kompon karet untuk outsole.
The main components of artificial leather were polymer, plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler. Silica is one of the commons reinforcing filler for many composites. Meanwhile, amorphous silica is usually precipitate in geothermal power plants and become solid waste in large amounts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of PVC-based artificial leather by utilizing geothermal silica as reinforcing filler. The plastisol was prepared by mixing the PVC, plasticizer, co-plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler with the amount of 100, 60, 3, 0.5 and 25 phr respectively. Commercial-calcium carbonate and geothermal-silica were used as filler for each sample formulation, then the non-filler plastisol also prepared as a reference. Artificial leather made by coating the release paper using the plastisol then heated at 190°C. The mechanical properties were investigated using a universal testing machine for the elongation, tensile strength and separation force. The surface morphology of each sample were analyzed using SEM. The results show us that the geothermal silica filled artificial leather has better elongation, tensile strength, and separation force compared to the calcium carbonate since there are stronger filler-polymer bonds formed. Therefore geothermal silica has high potential as filler for artificial leather, thus gives an alternative solution for the solid waste problem in geothermal power plant and also provide low-cost source of reinforcing fillers for artificial leather industries.
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