The purpose of the study was to investigate the applicability of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to a Turkish sample. PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) is a general appraisal instrument that measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. Five hundred and eight freshman students at the Middle East Technical University at the age of 16–29 filled in the Turkish translation of the PSS. The alpha coefficient for the Turkish version of PSS was found as 0.84, and PSS correlated 0.61 with the General Health Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the PSS showed that the scale consisted of two factors: Perceived Helplessness factor and Perceived Self‐efficacy. In general, the data indicated that the PSS provides a reliable and valid measure of perceived stress for a Turkish sample. The findings provide useful information for researchers and practitioners wishing to adapt foreign psychological tests to different cultures, especially in relation to the assessment of university students. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Behavior Problem Scale (BPS) in a sample of Turkish high school students. Methods: This is a descriptive study and confirmatory factor analysis was used. The scale was administered to 542 Anatolian high school students from 9 th , 10 th and 11 th grades in Ankara. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for both single and two-factor models of the Behavior problem Scale and the following indices were obtained: (χ²(35)=166.09, p=0.01; χ 2 /df=4.745; GFI=0.939, CFI=0.893, RMSEA=0.083, and SRMR=0.049) for two-factor model. The internal consistency of the BPS was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, which was 0.80 for the total; 0.71 for rudeness; and 0.70 for disobedience. For criterion validity, Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) was used. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant negative correlation between BPS scores and MSLSS, suggesting that participants with a high BPS scores were more likely to score lower on the MSLSS. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Turkish version of the BPS provides a reliable and valid measure for Turkish high school students.

With the growing prevalence of wireless communication technologies, social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. have become an important venues for interpersonal communication. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the current literature on online social networking with respect to its beneficial and detrimental effects on psychological wellbeing. In particular, it provides empirical evidence for the associations of SNS use with depression, self-esteem, loneliness, subjective wellbeing, social anxiety, attachment, personality traits, and addiction. Furthermore, it identifies the characteristics of individuals who are more prone to social networking, and presents possible mediators and moderators playing a role in the relationship between social networking and mental health. The chapter overall provides a comprehensive guideline to parents, researchers, educators, healthcare, and communication professionals to the issue of online social networking from a psychological perspective.

Mock trial is an activity commonly used both in and out of the class in citizenship education. Mock trial is a simulation technique rooted in experiential learning. This study aimed to evaluate the Mock trial method used by a primary school teacher in Turkey to solve the problems faced during lessons. Research Methods: This research is designed as an intrinsic case study, which involves the use of Mock trials to solve the classroom problems. Participants were a classroom teacher and 20 fourth grade students attending her class. Research data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings: Mock trial procedure was conducted during the last 15 minutes of the lessons at one-totwo-month intervals. The problem to be handled in the Mock trial is decided by the consensus of the