Our paper presents a remote sensing workflow for identifying modern activities that threaten archaeological sites, developed as part of the work of the Endangered Archaeology of the Middle East and North Africa (EAMENA) project. We use open-source Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the free tool Google Earth Engine to run a per-pixel change detection to make the methods and data as accessible as possible for heritage professionals. We apply this and perform validation at two case studies, the Aswan and Kom-Ombo area in Egypt, and the Jufra oases in Libya, with an overall accuracy of the results ranging from 85–91%. Human activities, such as construction, agriculture, rubbish dumping and natural processes were successfully detected at archaeological sites by the algorithm, allowing these sites to be prioritised for recording. A few instances of change too small to be detected by Sentinel-2 were missed, and false positives were caused by registration errors, shadow and movements of sand. This paper shows that the expansion of agricultural and urban areas particularly threatens the survival of archaeological sites, but our extensive online database of archaeological sites and programme of training courses places us in a unique position to make our methods widely available.
Tulisan ini akan melihat bagaiamana kebangkitan cendikiawan muslim di Indonesia. Dalam jangka panjang, bagaimanapun, perdebatan antara berbagai jenis pemimpin Muslim dan berbagai visi Islam akan dibentuk oleh kemampuan kepemimpinan Muslim saat ini untuk memenuhi janji mereka untuk membawa bagian yang terus tumbuh dari populasi Muslim ke dalam kehidupan nasional. Tentu saja ada kepercayaan yang tersebar luas, bahkan didukung oleh kementerian pemerintah tertentu, bahwa sampai sekarang umat Islam belum diberi bagian pembangunan yang adil. Kekuatan gagasan ini di kalangan kelas menengah Muslim sangat terkait dengan dukungan mereka terhadap ICMI dan Menteri Habibie (pada masa itu). Apa pun nasib ICMI atau Habibie (baca: cendikiawan muslim), persepsi ini kemungkinan akan tetap menjadi kekuatan yang kuat di kancah Indonesia. Ini akan memberikan urgensi praktis untuk perdebatan tentang berbagai visi Islam dan cita-cita yang berbeda tentang apa yang seharusnya terjadi.
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