This paper analyses Botswana labour market trends, specifically unemployment rate, over a period between 2000 and 2016. Furthermore, a comparison with Namibia and South Africa is done. To make an inference on unemployment rate by age and gender, it is vital to both consider the development and changes in the labour market over time. Botswana's unemployment rate was found to average 18.2% between 2000 and 2016. However a disparity between male and female unemployment rate was observed. Youth unemployment rate has been increasing over the study period in Botswana. Furthermore, youth unemployment in Botswana surpassed total unemployment in 2016. Botswana was found to have a more stable labour market in comparison with Namibia and South Africa. However, South Africa was commended for having the lowest female youth unemployment rate as compared to Botswana and Namibia. The findings further discerned an increase in economically active populace in all the countries. The paper suggests policies geared at easing entry into the labour market for youth especially females as well as for women. Diversification and investment in labour intensive industries should be a priority. Governments are also challenged to invest in relevant training and skills development which meets employers' needs.
This paper investigates the impact of group behaviour on the performance of public sector groups working in head ofces of public corporations of Jammu province. Census method was used to collect the data from the 1189 respondents of 18 J&K public corporations. Employees' individual responses were aggregated to get group response using rwg, ICC(1) and ICC(2)analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, conrmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. Study results revealed positive impact of group leadership, team member exchange, communication, cohesion, interdependence, exibility, intimacy, potency and maturity of members on group performance whereas group conict and politics were found to be negatively related to group performance. Besides the signicant contributions, yet certain limitations have emerged which restrict its applicability. Future research is also discussed in the paper.
There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.
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