Blumlein discharge circuit stores electrical energy in its transmission line and can release this energy within a few nanoseconds. This leads the Blumlein to discharge circuit for many applications ranging from electrical discharge in the air to generate nitrogen laser, excitation source for vapor lasers to sub-nanosecond avalanche drivers. In this letter, we have simulated the equivalent Blumlein discharge circuit in Multisimulation and compared the results with the analytical model to have the insight of variations of voltage, current and power in the Blumlein circuit. The Blumlein circuit is divided into spark gap (spark gap) and Blumlein transmission line sections to observe the voltage, current and power oscillations. The rapid oscillations of voltage across the spark gap initiate the discharge in the long transmission lines of Blumlein that generates the coherent UV pulses. This study could pave the way towards the generation of ultraviolet (UV) pulses in the air at the atmospheric pressure.
We report the design simulation of the Raman spectrometer using Zemax optical system design software. The design is based on the Czerny–Turner configuration, which includes an optical system consisting of an entrance slit, two concave mirrors, reflecting type diffraction grating and an image detector. The system’s modeling approach is suggested by introducing the corresponding relationship between detector pixels and wavelength, linear CCD receiving surface length and image surface dimension. The simulations were carried out using the POP (physical optics propagation) algorithm. Spot diagram, relative illumination, irradiance plot, modulation transfer function (MTF), geometric and encircled energy were simulated for designing the Raman spectrometer. The simulation results of the Raman spectrometer using a 527 nm wavelength laser as an excitation light source are presented. The present optical system was designed in sequential mode and a Raman spectrum was observed from 530 nm to 630 nm. The analysis shows that the system’s image efficiency was quite good, predicting that it could build an efficient and cost-effective Raman spectrometer for optical diagnostics.
Spectrometers have a wide range of applications ranging from optical to non-optical spectroscopy. The need for compact, portable, and user-friendly spectrometers has been a focus of attention from small laboratories to the industrial scale. Here, the Czerny Turner configuration-based optical spectrometer simulation design was carried out using ZEMAX OpticStudio. A compact and low-cost optical spectrometer in the visible range was developed by using diffraction grating as a dispersive element and a USB-type webcam CCD (charge-coupled device) as a detector instead of an expensive commercial diffraction grating and detector. Using National Instruments LabVIEW, data acquisition, processing, and display techniques were made possible. We employed different virtual images in LabVIEW programs to collect the pixel-to-pixel information and wavelength-intensity information from the image captured using the webcam CCD. Finally, we demonstrated that the OpticStudio-based spectrometer and experimental measurements with the developed spectrometer were in good agreement.
A low-cost medium power carbon dioxide (CO2) laser system is designed, constructed, and characterized to produce coherent, monochromatic laser radiation in the Infrared region. The laser cavity is simulated and designed by using ZEMAX optic studio. A switch-mode high tension pump source is designed and constructed using a flyback transformer and simulated using NI Multisim to study the voltage behavior at different node points. A prototype cooling system/chiller is designed and built using the Thermo-Electric Coolers (TEC) to remove the excess heat produced during laser action. Various parameters, like pumping mechanism, chiller stability, efficiency, output power, and current at different applied voltages, are studied. The chiller efficiency at different output powers of the laser is analyzed, which clearly shows that the chiller's cooling rate is good enough to compensate for the heat generated by the laser system. The center wavelength of the carbon dioxide laser is 10.6μm with FWHM of 1.2nm simulated in the ZEMAX optic studio. The output beam penetration through salt rock (NaCl), wood, and acrylic sheet at various output powers is analyzed to measure the penetration depth rate of the CO2 laser.
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