Introduction: Knowledge of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women is of paramount importance in improving maternal, and fetal health outcomes. This study aims to determine the knowledge of danger signs among pregnant women seeking antenatal care in a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for two months among pregnant women who visited the antenatal clinic of a teaching hospital. A pre-tested and pre-designed proforma was used. Mean knowledge scores were computed and knowledge was classified into adequate and inadequate. Results: A total of 170 pregnant women fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Mean age of the study participants was found to be 26.40 ± 4.14 years. Nearly 67.10% were aware of bleeding per vagina being a danger sign, 50.0% stated excessive vomiting as a danger sign, 23.50% knew that blurring of vision was a danger, while a mere 20.0% reported that convulsions were a danger sign. Overall, adequate knowledge (total knowledge score of 5 and above) was observed in 54.70% of the participants. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants had adequate knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy. However, when knowledge about specific individual danger signs were further assessed, a high proportion had very poor knowledge. The mean knowledge scores were found to be low.
Background: Sanitation workers are at a risk of exposure to various health hazards which are preventable. The present study aimed at assessing the health status of sewage treatment plant (STP) workers, their respiratory morbidity and onsite assessment of their occupational safety. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a single STP during June-July months of 2017. A total of 32 employees were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done using a questionnaire, clinical examination and onsite assessment for occupational safety. The questionnaire included demographic details, clinical symptoms and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Clinical examination with special focus on respiratory system and portable spirometry was conducted followed by health education on workplace safety. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and frequency and proportion for categorical variable. Results: None of the workers underwent pre-placement health check-up and routine health check-ups at regular interval. PPE were available in adequate number. Spirometry revealed 12 workers having forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) within normal limits and seven workers with mild restriction. Early small airway obstruction was found in six workers. Regarding the on-site safety, an absence of barricades at two places near anaerobic sludge reactor and clarifier tank was of concern. Conclusions: The workers in STP are at risk of respiratory occupational hazards and should undergo pre-placement and routine health check-up for prevention of occupational hazards. Physical safety in terms of barricades at appropriate sites also needs attention.
Background:Worldwide injury & violence is most important cause of death in children, every year it causes death in approximately 950000 children and youngsters who are under the age group of 18 years of age. Ninety percent of it is caused by unintentional injuries. Methods:This study was conducted with the aim to find the period prevalence and factors associated with unintentional childhood injuries. The study was conducted in rural and urban field practice area of a private medical College, Mangaluru taluk.. Community based cross sectional study was conducted by enrolling 400 children (0-18 years) from rural area and 500 from urban during July 2016 to October 2018. Multistage simple random sampling method was followed to select the participants. Source of data was Mother/Father. Predesigned pretested validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results:Period prevalence of childhood injury was 67(16.8%) in rural area and 93(18.6%) in urban area. In both area fall was most common cause of injury. Factors which were found to be protective against injury were male child, children of working women in rural area and in urban area it was children belonging to lower and middle socio-economic status, child with 1 sibling. Usage of protective gears while driving was reported by majority of subjects. Almost one third of the children had risk factors for burn at home. However risk factors for sharp injury and animal bite was not found in majority of the children. Environmental risk factors for falls were unprotected roof/balcony/staircase, unsafe equipment/ deep ditches in playground. In both areas, risk factors for fall were significantly associated with fall. Conclusions:Magnitude of unintentional childhood injuries was similar in rural and urban areas, in both areas majority of the participants had fall as a cause of injury. Varied risk factors for injury were found in both areas. Injury prevention, risk reduction should be part of school curriculum and school health programme. Parents should be sensitized about the common type of injury, risk factors and its prevention
BACKGROUND: Social support among pregnant women is identified to have a positive influence on maternal, fetal outcome, personal competence, and self-esteem. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the social support as perceived by pregnant women and to find out the association between perceived social support and sociodemographic, obstetric variables. MATERIALS AND MATERIALS: After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital for a period of two months. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to assess social support among study participants. RESULTS: A total of 111 pregnant women were included. Majority, 98 (88.30%), were educated till High School. Nearly 87 (78.40%) were in the third trimester and 68 (61.30%) were primigravidae. Mean MSPSS score was found to be 5.36 ± 0.83. Majority, 75 (67.60%), had high social support (mean total score of 5.1-7.0). Those engaged in occupation had 2.922 odds for high social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.612-13.95) when compared to housewives ( P < 0.05). Women in third trimester had 2.104 odds for high social support, when compared to those in first and second trimesters (adjusted odds ratio = 2.014, 95% confidence interval = 0.715-6.185). CONCLUSION: Majority scored high on MSPSS. Furthermore, involvement in occupation was found to be a significant predictor of high social support among the study participants.
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