The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different CIDR protocols including some hormonal preparations for the treatment of postpartum anestrous of Iraqi northern buffaloes. The present study was conducted on 70 anestrous buffaloes suffering from postpartum ovarian inactivity. Buffaloes were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Buffaloes in Treatment 1 (n=20) injected on day 0 of the experiment, GnRH 250 µg and a CIDR was placed in the anterior vagina. On day 7, they were injected with 25 mg of PGF2α and on the following day (day 8) the CIDR were removed. On day 9 a second dose of GnRH (250 µg) was injected. Buffaloes in Treatment 2 (n=20) received on day 0 GnRH (250 µg) and a CIDR were placed in the anterior vagina. On day 7, CIDR were removed and injected with GnRH (250 µg). Treatment 3 (n=20) on day 0 a CIDR were placed in the anterior vagina. On day 6, they were injected with 1000 IU of eCG. CIDR were removed on day 7 and injected with GnRH (250 µg). A control group (n=10) received no treatments. Results showed that in 8days treatment 1 (GnRH+CIDR--7 PGF α+9 GnRH), 15 out of 20 buffaloes received treatment exhibited estrus 2 within 69.4 ± 8.4 h after CIDR removal. The estrus induction rate was 75%. Total number of buffaloes became 7 days pregnant was 4 (26.7%). In treatment 2 (GnRH+CIDR--GnRH), 65% of the buffaloes received treatment exhibited estrus within 77.8 ± 5.6 h after CIDR removal. Total number of buffaloes became pregnant was 4 7 days (26.7%). In treatment 3 (CIDR--6 eCG+7 GnRH), 100% of the buffaloes received treatment exhibited estrus within 78.3 ± 11.8 h after CIDR removal. In conclusion, our results indicate that the addition of GnRH and eCG to a progesterone-based CIDR protocol substantially improves the estrus induction and pregnancy rates in postpartum anestrous buffaloes.
Ticks are blood-feeding obligate ectoparasites that belong to order Arachnida with three main families (Ixodidae, Argasidae, and Nuttalleillidae). Ticks transmit viral, bacterial, and zoonotic diseases in humans, and animals (wild and domestic). Ticks directly and indirectly affect the livestock industry which plays an important role in the rural economy of Pakistan. These are the main source of income and a source of food for poor people. The current study was conducted to identify the tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan. For this purpose, different farms were randomly visited and 130 ticks were collected from 200 scanned animals. The collected ticks were identified to species level using morphological keys. In the current study, four tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Dermacentor marginatus were identified. The most dominant species were Hy. anatolicum (35.39%) followed by R. sanguineus (30.00%), Hy. marginatum (23.85%) and D. marginatus (10.77%). Hy. anatolicum was the predominant tick species and accounted for 35.39% of the ticks. Tick infestation was highest in buffaloes followed by cows, sheep, and goats. Tail and ear were the most preferable sites for tick infestation than other body parts.
Numerous ectoparasites of people and domestic cattle remain a chronic concern in the contemporary world, despite many attempts at eradication. For many years, pesticide medications such as organophosphates, organochlorides, and synthetic pyrethroids were efficient in controlling these parasites; however, widespread use of these treatments has resulted in resistance in many target species. Domestic animals play a vital role in food production, producing meat, milk, and money. The agricultural communities raze livestock’s as an insurance and investment in contradiction of risk. Animals with short generation intervals and high fertility offer economic, managerial, and biological benefits, since milk production can start five or six months after mating and the first corpse can be sold in less than a year. Livestocks are also a main source of manure, which helps to fertilize the soil, as well as skin, which is one of the most significant products that generates foreign cash for the country. However, the combined effects of sickness, inadequate food, and bad management limit animal output. Parasitic sickness is one of the most common disorders in domestic animals and human, and it has a significant economic impact. Ectoparasites of livestocks are extensively dispersed with varying degrees of incidence, and are crucial in causing considerable economic damage to the agricultural community, the tanning and leather sector even throughout the wolrd, necessitating efficient control methods. Scabies mites, head lice, and bed bugs are important medical ectoparasites that pose a considerable public health threat, hence effective management strategies are required. Alternative management approaches have been developed in a number of ways, but more study is needed before they can be utilized to effectively regulate the ectoparasitic illnesses in the forthcoming. Keywords: Human; Livestocks; Parasites; Biological control; Chemical control
Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and is one of the most important bovine diseases that cause huge economic losses and high mortality in young animals. A hematobiochemical study was conducted to unveil the difference between diseased and healthy animals in specific districts i.e., Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang of Punjab, Pakistan. The total number of blood samples collected were 518 which include samples of 158 buffaloes and 360 cattle. The collected samples are then analyzed with the help of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) targeting apocytochrome b-genes (CYTb) followed by hematobiochemical analysis. The analysis of data was done by the Chi-square test. The PCR tests conducted in summer suggests that 53 out of 180 (29.4%) cows and 19 out of 79 (24.05%) buffaloes are prone to babesiosis. On the other hand, in winter results showed that 12.7 (23/180), 13.92 % (11/79) samples positive for Babesia genus through c-PCR. The positive samples were further investigated for hematological and biochemical analysis. The results revealed that, the mean value of hematological parameters like RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV and MCHC was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in infected animals (cows and buffaloes) as compared to the non-infected ones. While the biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, Cholesterol and LDH were significantly (P< 0.05) increased in infected animals as compared to healthy animals. These findings are the novel molecular and hematobiochemical evidence of B. bovis in dairy herds of Punjab province, Pakistan.
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