BACKGROUNDDelirium is a common, often undiagnosed disorder in elderly patients, but no studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia.OBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence of delirium among elderly patients on admission and to identify associated factors.DESIGNA cross-sectional study.SETTINGTertiary care hospital, Saudi Arabia.PATIENTS AND METHODSElderly patients were evaluated for delirium within 24 hours of admission using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The medical records were also reviewed to identify associated factors and whether the diagnosis of delirium was documented by the admitting physician.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESPrevalence of delirium.RESULTSOf 147 patients aged 60 or over screened for delirium within 24 hours of admission, 32 (21.8%) patients were identified with delirium. Seven (21.9%) of the 32 patients with delirium had documentation of their diagnosis in the patient chart by the attending physician. Univariate logistic regression identified greater age (OR=2.70, 95%-CI: 1.21–6.02), higher unemployment rate (OR=3.30, 95%-CI: 1.43–7.61), more often had 3–5 co-morbidities (OR=2.69, 95%-CI: 1.14–6.33), and more cognitive impairment (OR=38.90, 95%-CI: 8.78–172.34) as risk factors for delirium on admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified greater age (OR=2.53, 95%-CI: 1.08–5.88), higher unemployment rate (OR=3.73, 95%-CI: 1.52–9.13) and 3–5 co-morbidities (OR=3.31, 95%-CI: 1.30–8.46) as risk factors for delirium.CONCLUSIONSDelirium was common and frequently not recognized in elderly patients admitted to the hospital. Administration of the CAM was very helpful in identifying delirium at admission.LIMITATIONSThe main limitation of our study was the relatively small number of patients which might have limited the power to detect some associations.
This study was aimed to seek out the awareness and knowledge about the covid-19 during the onset of the pandemic among the urban population of the Saudi arabia. This study was carried out for a period of three months from 01.04.2020 to 31.07.2020 and a sample of 1000 participants. The significant difference of P-value obtained by performing the Pearson Chi-Square test for all he questionnaires to analyse the study of assessment. This study was a small attempt for conducting such valuable studies in preventive medicine. Thus, this study suggests that the community's overall satisfactory report is well aware of the preventive measure procedures and well prepared to tackle the covid-19 pandemic.
D elirium is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by failure of cognition and attention. Unlike dementia, delirium develops rapidly (over several hours to days), can fluctuate in severity and may be reversed by eliminating the causative factor. In some cases, it can become chronic or result in irreversible cognitive changes. 1 The occurrence of delirium is highest among the hospitalized elderly
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