Aim: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) abort the process of neurotransmitter release at presynaptic motor nerve terminals, causing muscle paralysis. The ability of botulinum toxin to produce its effect is dependent on the ability of the light chain to cleave the SNARE proteins associated with transmitter release. Translo‐cation of the light chain protease through the heavy chain‐formed channel is a pivotal step in the intoxication process. Toosendanin (TSN), a triterpenoid derivative extracted from a Chinese traditional medicine, has been demonstrated to be an effective cure for experimental botulism. This study was designed to explore the antibotulismic mechanisms of toosendanin. Methods: The inside‐out single‐channel recording patch‐clamp technique was used to record the BoNT/A‐in‐duced currents in the presence and absence of TSN. Results: Channel formation was delayed and the sizes of the channels were reduced in the TSN‐treated PC12 cell membrane. Conclusion: The antibotulismic effect of TSN might occur via interference with toxin translocation.
Lumbar disc prostheses have been used increasingly in recent years. The successful design of lumbar disc prostheses depends on accurate morphometric parameters. However, the morphologic dimensions of lumbar endplate area have not been investigated in Chinese population. A total of 1800 lumbar endplates were retrospectively accessed in 150 Chinese adults. Eighteen parameters of each lumbar segment were measured by three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions from T12/L1 to L5/S1. These obtained parameters were compared between genders, bilateral sides, vertebral segments, and different populations. Endplate length and width increased in general, and there was a significant decrease for length/width ratio from T12 to S1 ( P = .03). The average concavity depth of the lower lumbar endplate (2.09 ± 0.93 mm) was usually larger than that of the upper lumbar endplate (1.61 ± 0.74 mm) ( P = .02). The percentage of the most concave point of the upper and lower lumbar endplate was 50.01 ± 10.76% and 56.41 ± 9.93%, respectively. Anterior, medium, or posterior intervertebral endplate height was severally 10.01 ± 1.98 mm, 10.46 ± 2.03 mm, and 6.41 ± 1.74 mm, and increased among vertebral segments ( P = .01).The intervertebral endplate angle significantly increased from T12-L1 to L5-S1 ( P = .01). Parameters displayed significant difference between genders. The morphometric parameters of different populations also showed differences. In conclusion, there is a morphologic discrepancy in dimensions of lumbar endplate regarding genders, vertebral segments, and different populations. It is essential to design the lumbar disc prosthesis suited for Chinese patients specially, for which the morphometric parameters in our study can be utilized.
BackgroundBone metastases (BM) from malignant tumors could disrupt the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and affect bone homeostasis. Malignant breast cancer (BC) is rare in male patients, and co-occurrence of BM is even rarer. Given its low incidence, there is limited research evaluating risk and prognosis. Despite the widespread application of nomograms to predict uncommon malignancies, no studies have constructed predictive models focusing on the diagnosis and prognosis of male breast cancer with bone metastases (MBCBM).MethodsThis study selected all male breast cancer patients (MBC) between 2010 and 2019 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We used simple and multivariate Logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for BM in MBC patients. Then simple and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to determine the independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in MBCBM patients. We established and validated three new nomograms based on these independent factors.ResultA total of 4187 MBC patients were included, with 191 (4.56%) having bone metastases at the time of diagnosis. The independent risk factors of BM in MBC patients included age, tumor size, marital status, T stage, and N stage. In MBCBM patients, independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS were both age, T stage, ER status, PR status, and surgery. The concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed that these three nomograms could accurately predict the diagnosis and prognosis of MBCBM patients with excellent discrimination and clinical utility superior to the TNM staging system. We then established two prognostic-based risk stratification systems and three visualized dynamic nomograms that could be applied in clinical practice.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study aimed to establish and validate an accurate novel nomogram to objectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of MBCBM patients. On this basis, prognostic-based risk stratification systems and visualized dynamic nomograms were constructed to facilitate doctors and patients to quantify individual BM risk probability and survival probability to assist in personalized risk assessment and clinical decision-making.
Abstract. Acoustic analysis is an effective method for fault diagnosis of contacted high voltage circuit breakers. Acoustic signals are often mixed with different perturbations in the circuit breaker's practical operation within the complex environment. The low frequency disturbance can be fully filtered by filtering equipment. Circuit breaker's error action or running state's misjudgment may be caused by high intensity and the disturbance noise such as thunder, car horns. In this paper, a new blind source separation method is proposed to identify the signal component of acoustic signal. Firstly, the K-means algorithm is used to estimate the number of blind sources. Secondly, the IMF component is obtained by improving the EEMD decomposition signal, and then the signal is reconstructed to form a new multi-dimensional signal. Finally, the Fast ICA algorithm is used to realize the blind source separation of the signals. IntroductionHigh voltage circuit breaker is a very important control function in power system, and its reliable operation is the basis to ensure the uninterrupted power supply of the whole power network. With the construction of strong smart grid, the circuit breaker needs higher reliability. So it's urgent to improve the operation state of the circuit breaker, and to evaluate the operating state of the operating mechanism of 220kV. A new method for the diagnosis of non -contact type circuit breaker failure is presented in this literature, which overcomes the problem of traditional contact measuring fixture's installation problem. The method is based on the analysis of homologous vibration and acoustic signal of different frequency of the circuit breaker in the operation process to identify the mechanical state of the circuit breaker. Acoustic signals measurement is non -contact measurement, which makes sensor installation convenient and the signal change frequency band wide. However, air is the propagation medium of sound, which can be disturbed by external noise from the sound source to the sensor easily. The results may not be accurate if we use the acoustic signal to judge the circuit breaker running state, so we need to carry out blind source from sound signal received firstly.Because of the inherent characteristics of blind separation, the result of the separation has uncertainty on order and magnitude. The source signal number is an important prerequisite for blind source separation. When the number of observed signal M is less than the source number N, it is called the underdetermined blind separation.The acoustic signal of the actual circuit breaker belongs to the underdetermined blind separation. At present, the underdetermined set blind source separation method has no mature experience in the field of circuit breaker status identification. This paper aims at judging the development trend of high voltage circuit breaker; its estimation of the blind source number, improved blind source separation method which combined analysis of acoustic signal and vibration signal and finally improved the...
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