Heat stress (HS) greatly affects sustainable livestock production, thereby affecting the productive performance and welfare of animals. The effect of summer heat on lactating Holstein cows at different lactation, pregnancy phases, and blood metabolism were investigated in this study. Eighteen Holstein cows were selected randomly and housed in the cow farm. Climatic reads and blood parameters were measured. The temperature-humidity index has been designed as a measure of animal comfort and is a simple combination of temperature and humidity. The study showed that heat stress has a significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on hematological and biochemical parameters. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.01) during lactation. There was a significant increase in creatinine level at 45 days in milk. A significant inverse correlation between HS with milk production and feed intake. So far, it was concluded that certain hematological and biochemical parameters were substantially altered by HS. A negative effect of HS on milk production and feed intake was observed.
There are several cases in geographical areas with zoonotic diseases before they were evident due to evolving human and climate patterns. This study was carried out to identify diagnosis, emerging diseases, as well as epidemics and pandemics affected by the zoonotic disease in Al-Ressafa, Baghdad. Data was collected between the years 2010-2016 by the Food Research Institute, Public Health Directorate, Iraq. This study targeted emerging infective diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, cutaneous leishmaniosis, hydatidosis, rabies, and toxoplasmosis. Out of 20797 involved cases were presented, 29% emerging from zoonotic diseases. The zoonotic diseases were included parasite, viral and bacterial 75.4, 0.70, and 23.9%, respectively. Brucellosis showed high-frequency infections during March, April, and May, while cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred between February and June. The number of cases showed the male cases were 52.4 %, while the female 47.6 %. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and hydatidosis cases were increased at the age between 10-19 years old. In conclusion, zoonotic diseases still common on the Eastern side of Baghdad
Rice is known as carbohydrate rich food and may tend to increase blood glucose levels rapidly. This work was designed to mix rice grains with mung beans to control releasing blood glucose and to keep a normal blood sugar level. Five food meals of rice and mung bean were prepared. The first meal was just 100% cocked rice, the second was 75% rice and 25% mung bean, the third was 50% rice and 50% mung bean, the fourth was 25% rice and 75 % mung bean and the fifth was 100% mung bean. 25 volunteers aged between 18 – 22 years were subjected to the test and systematically given these food meals where they all had these food meals at intervals. The blood glucose of each volunteer was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes using the glucocard-01 device. It was found that mean blood glucose levels were varied between measuring times and examined treatments. However, minimum blood glucose was 80.0±2.2 mg/dL in individuals who had an only mung bean meal only after 180 minutes to a maximum of 146±4.4 mg/dL in those who had a rice meal only but after 90 minutes. From the obtained results, it seems clear that blood glucose levels were correlated negatively with increasing mung bean quantity to rice meals where higher levels were recorded in those volunteers who had a rice meal only and started to decrease with increasing mung bean percentages.
Seasonal monitoring of the natural radon levels was done for sediment samples picked from particular locations over the Tigris River in Baghdad city area for the whole year 2018. CR-39 passive detector was used for detecting alpha activity in the sediment samples of the 20 g mass. The alpha (α) activities from radon were found to be comparatively higher during the dry season and lower during the rainfalls season. The radium content of the samples was the highest in site4 sediment samples (south Baghdad) is likely because of the outcome of great human activities particularly Al-Dora oil refinery. The variations in radon levels were possibly referred to the type of the collected sediment samples and human activities that influence the river environs. The determining radon levels in the most investigated sediment samples were within the recommended world average values.
Background: Corticosterone is a major glucocorticoid hormone in the plasma of birds. It is produced in the adrenal gland and transferred to the eggs after 1-2 days of circulation in females by distributing within the yolk. So, this study aimed to evaluate Iraqi native chicken hatching eggs with different levels of corticosterone hormone on embryonic development. Methods: Three hundred Iraqi native hatching eggs from 30 weeks old breeds were utilized in this research. Eggs were divided into five treatments and three replicates (20 eggs for each). Eggs were injected with different levels of corticosterone hormone as follows: Control group without injection, Sesame oil group: Injected with 5 µl of sterile sesame oil only, Group 1: Injected with 0.25, Group 2: Injected with 0.5 and Group 3: Injected with one ng of corticosterone hormone dissolved with sterile sesame oil. The embryonic test was checked after 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days and 18 days of egg incubation. After hatching, hatchability from fertile eggs, early, intermediate and late embryonic mortality, life and dead pipped eggs as a percentage of fertile eggs were measured. Result: Results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in embryo length for Group 1 and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in amniotic fluid and amniotic weight percentage for Group 2, a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in amniotic fluid, amniotic sac membrane percentage, hatchability early embryonic mortality percentage for Group 3 compared with a control group. In conclusion, a high concentration of corticosterone hormone in Iraqi native chicken hatching eggs causes an increase in embryo length, amniotic fluid and amniotic weight percentage. Also, it causes a decrease in amniotic fluid, amniotic sac membrane percentage, hatchability and early embryonic mortality percentage.
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