Laetiporus sp. is recognized as a fungal species traditionally used for medicinal purposes. This study investigated the in-vitro effects of solid-state fermented Laetiporussulphureus ethanol extracts (LSE) for their immunomodulatory potential. Bioactive levels detected in the LSE on different days throughout the fermentation period revealed that the 12 th day was the most efficient, with 7.19 ± 0.66 GAE/g DM crude phenolic content, 2.71 ± 0.03 UAE/g DM crude triterpenoid content, 12.93 ± 0.88 GCE/g DM crude polysaccharides, and 96.44 ± 0.2 mg/g DM ergosterol content. In-vitroLSE tests on chPBMC showed no cytotoxicity within a range of 0.05-1 mg/mL, but LPS-inhibited cell viability was improved, as well as LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin (IL)-1bwere attenuated Furthermore, the direct application of LSE on chPBMC showed a small but not significant increase in NFkB, TLR4, and iNOS mRNA expression compared with the control group. These results indicate the potential of LSE to modulate LPStriggered inflammation processes involving TLR4 and NFkB mediation. However, further experiments are required to determine the specific pathway.
Mushroom stalk residue, soybean hull, Aureobasidium pullulans, digestibility, meat water holding capacity.Submitted: 21/February/2017 Approved: 28/July/2017 ABSTRACT A 35 d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of co-fermented agricultural by-products, soybean hulls and Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PESR), with Aureobasidium pullulans on nutrients digestibility and meat quality in broilers fed on conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 400 1-d-old Ross broilers were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicate pens (25 birds per pen). Birds were fed the corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0% (CON), 0.5% fermented soybean hulls (0.5% FSBH), 0.5% fermented soybean hulls partially replaced with PESR (0.5% FSHP) and 1.0% FSHP. The broilers fed on the diet that contained fermented products had higher total tract apparent digestibility for hemicellulose than those on CON (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the birds fed on 0.5% FSHP also showed the lightest duodenum and jejunum weight among all groups. Compared with the CON, the inclusion of 1.0% FSHP in the diet significantly decreased ammonia N concentration in cecum followed by 0.5% FSHP and subsequent 0.5% FSBH group. Dietary supplementation of fermented products significantly improved WHC and increased protein content in meat as compared with the CON. Moreover, the fat content in meat decreased in the broilers that received 0.5% FSBH and 1.0% FSHP. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of co-fermented agricultural by-products, PESR and soybean meal, could improve the digestibility of hemicellulose and decrease the cecal ammonia N concentration; moreover, the increased WHC and protein level as well as decreased fat content in meat suggested the promising utilization of these low-cost materials as broiler feed additives.
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