A total of 100 different E. coli isolates collected from 10 different biological and environmental sources (10 isolates from each source) such as human faces, human urine, cattle, sheep, goat, chicken, duck, pigeon, drain sewage and soil were used for in-vitro drug sensitivity test in the
The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10
Concurrent enteric and septicaemic Escherichia coli infection was recorded in six local calves aged between 8 to 12 months old for the first time in Bangladesh during the period from May to June 2002. Bacteriologic examination of both the faecal and blood samples of six febrile calves showed positive for E. coli of all the six faecal (100%) and only two blood (33.33%) samples. Clinical examination revealed significantly (p < 0.01) high rectal temperature at peak febrile stage which varied from 103.5 to 106°F with a mean of 104.7 ± 0.85°F. The fever associated signs and clinical anaemia were recorded in all these calves. Haematological examination showed significantly (p < 0.01) decreased haemoglobin (5.58 ± 0.45 g%), packed cell volume (19.83 ± 1.95 %), total erythrocytic count (3.52 ± 0.58 106/ mm3) and total leukocytic count (6.68 ± 0.44 103 / mm3) which indicates anaemia and leukopenia at the peak febrile stage of the disease. Biochemical studies showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased that serum magnesium and iron values were at fever stage, whereas serum phosphorus significantly (p < 0.01) decreased at the 4th day (convalescent stage) but no significant (p > 0.05) change was observed with the serum calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride values between prefever and fever stage. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli isolated from faecal and blood samples revealed that these isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and amoxycillin, moderately sensitive to gentamicin and streptomycin but highly sensitive to tetracycline. This indicates that tetracycline could be the drug of choice for both the septicaemic and enteric E. coli infection in calves. Key words: Haematobiochemical; Escherichia coli; enteric; septicemic; infection; calves DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v1i1.1916 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2003). 1(1) : 39 - 43
A B S T R A C TThe research work was conducted to isolate & characterized the bacteria isolated from mid-stream urine of human. A total of 30 samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection (n=10samples); diabetic patients (n=10samples) & apparently healthy individuals (n=10samples). Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. was the predominant bacterial flora of human urine. Among the isolates, the prevalence of Escherichia coli was highest (80%) compared to Staphylococcus spp.(14%) and Bacillus spp.(6%). E. coli isolated from 6 different sources were found to be highly virulent, moderately virulent, less virulent and avirulent categories as observed in day-old suckling mice. Antibiotic sensitivity profiles suggest that nalidixic acid will be the first drugs of choice to treat the UTI caused by E. coli and arythromycin, ampicillin and azithromycin will be the second drugs of choice to treat the UTI caused by Staphylococcus spp and Bacillus spp. respectively.
Thesis or dissertation is a research report concerns a problem or series of problems in the area of applied or basic research. Abstract should contain all elements of the thesis in an extreme shorter form. Need to try to accommodate the description of the works including introduction, design and methodology within 2-3 sentences. Key findings of the experiments should be written in very brief. After findings, key words are written. The key words have to be different from the words in the title and to be arranged alphabetically. Introduction covers (i) identification of scientific problem stated in brief, (ii) critical analysis of relevant background information of the study to justify the problem using past research reports, (iii) identification of scientific information gap based on background analysis, (iv) formulation of the hypothesis, i.e making researchers best guess at the answer to the problem, and (v) formulation of specific objective(s) of the work. Review of literature has two reasons. One is to explain the results, need to collect only the relevant information and the other is to find out the gap or unexplored area for the study, that the designed work is either original or some works done still gaps are remained and/or different workers on the line to find contrast results. In materials and methods, the materials including treatments used in the study are recorded. Listed parameters are also mentioned. New technique(s) should be described in detail, other wise mention name only if necessary giving a brief note. Mention the layout/design of the experiments and analysis procedure. In results and discussion, we describe results chronologically and conclude logically. Presentation of the same result both in table and graph is prohibited. Summary and conclusion include introduction (importance) about the works, methodology, design/layout, etc. in very brief. In conclusion key message should be provided. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11596 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 301-308, 2012
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