Probiotic bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties have the potential to be of therapeutic benefit in inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of feeding low-fat probiotic yogurt containing L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus on acetic acid-induced inflammation in mouse colon. Inflammatory model that mimics various features of IBDs was induced by a single application of 100µl of 4.5% acetic acid in Swiss Albino mice. Mice were pretreated orally by 200µl yogurt containing both L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus for 3 days before induction of inflammation and 200µl yogurt was given orally for a period of 7 days after acetic-acid induction. The body weight, food and water intakes, serum biomarkers, macroscopic and histopathological studies of colon tissues were performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect. Combined administration of both strains prevented the damages of villous and crypts in colon epithelial cells and thus provides unique mucosal protective effects in experimental colitis. In conclusion, feeding low-fat probiotic yogurt containing L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus prevented or ameliorated the inflammatory conditions that can be beneficial to prevent or lower risks of IBDs and its complications.
Aims: Glibenclamide is an oral hypoglycemic agent exhibits inadequate aqueous solubility resulting in poor and unpredictable bioavailability. The study was designed to enhance the solubility and dissolution of glibenclamide by solid dispersion. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh between June 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Solid dispersions of glibenclamide were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using mixture of PEG-8000, sodium citrate, HPMC as additives in different ratios and subsequently, in-vitro dissolution studies were performed. The characterization of solid dispersions was done by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Powder X-ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope. Results: Out of twelve formulations, the GCHP-4 composed of glibenclamide: HPMC: Na-citrate: PEG-8000 1:1:1:1) demonstrated highest percentage of yield (87.76%) and encapsulation efficiency (95.68%). The maximum dissolution of glibenclamide obtained from GCHP-4 (3.34 µg/ml), which was 5.2-fold higher than that of pure glibenclamide (0.64 µg/ml) at 120 min. The mechanism of increased solubility of glibenclamide from solid dispersion might be resulted due to the conversion of its crystalline form into amorphous state and no interaction between drug and carriers which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. Conclusion: The dissolution rate of glibenclamide was greatly increased when loaded in solid dispersions which might be responsible for the improvement of its bioavailability in aqueous medium.
Aim: Ciprofloxacin is a broad‑spectrum antibiotic under the group of drugs called fluoroquinolones. It is extensively being manufactured and marketed drug by many national and multinational pharmaceutical companies. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of different brands of ciprofloxacin 500mg tablets available in Bangladesh using quality characteristics such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution profile. Methodology: The tablets' overall quality criteria, such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, disintegration time, and dissolving profile, were evaluated using established protocols. An electric analytical balance was employed to measure weight variation. An automated hardness tester was used to determine the hardness, thickness, and diameter. A friabilator was used to determine the degree of friability. A disintegration equipment and a dissolution tester were used to examine the disintegration time and dissolution profile, respectively. Results: In this study, all the values were compared with the standards. All brands had been passed for the weight variation test, because no tablets surpass the ± 5 % weight variation. The weight variation range was from 714.57±4.08 mg (brand C) to 837.92±7.49 mg (brand E). In hardness testing procedure, all brands of ciprofloxacin 500mg tablets were within the specified limit. The average hardness of the items ranges from 11.11±1.44 kgF to 19.26±2.20 kgF respectively. The five brand's percentage friability was less than 1%, indicating that they met the requirements. The lowest friability (0.015 %) was found in Brand E, while the highest friability (0.032 %) was found in Brand B. Within 10 minutes, the entire trademark had disintegrated, indicating that they had met the requirements. Brand E had the quickest disintegration time (5.35±0.49 minutes), while brand B had the slowest (9.12±0.88 minutes).All brands had a dissolution rate of 83.56% for A, 95.84% for B, 91.15% for C, 84.46% for D and 88.97% for E, all those were within 60 minutes in dissolution testing. The five brands' assay was within the specified limit, indicating that they met the requirements Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study of evaluating quality control parameters revealed that all of the leading brands of this tablet comply the quality control parameters as per pharmacopoeial specifications. Further work is recommended on bioequivalence of these tablets.
Objectives In this study, our main objective was to estimate the therapeutic effectiveness of the formulated solid dispersion of glibenclamide (GSD) with improved dissolution profiles in comparison with pure GLB by means of fructose-fed diabetic rat model. Methods To evaluate the pharmacological effectiveness of the formulated GSD, fructose-fed diabetic rat model was evolved, and the obtained consequences were compared with the conventional GLB treatment. Key Findings GSD exhibited improved glucose and lipid-lowering efficacy of GSD in contrast to pure GLB after 15 days of treatment. Low dose (0.5mg/kg) and high dose (5mg/kg) of GSD showed significant lowering of blood glucose which is 6±0.2 mmol/L and 5.6±0.3 mmol/L respectively after 15 days of treatment that is much better than that of pure GLB (6.2±0.4 mmol/L). Furthermore, low dose of GSD presented approximately comparable beneficiary effects in regard to triglycerides (72.00±7.23mg/dL) total cholesterol (110.33±5.78 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein (67.60±5.21mg/dL) and high-density lipoprotein (28.33±1.53 mg/dL) as pure GLB after 15 days. Additionally, histological studies as well confirmed no fatty infiltration from liver by GSD as compared with GLB which was consistent with the biochemical parameters. Conclusions For treating diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, the formulated GSD might be a potential substitute for traditional GLB.
Background: The outcome of the drug therapy depends largely on the quality of the drug product. The lower quality of the drug product can be the reason for therapeutic failure. The present study was designed to evaluate the quality standard of Losartan Potassium tablet brands available in Bangladesh market to get an idea of quality standard of drug product people consuming in this country. Materials and methods: Three brands of losartan potassium were chosen randomly. Tablets of each brand were collected from individual retail outlets to gauge the qualitative evaluation and compare them by in-vitro drug release study. They were subjected to various quality control tests to measure the hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, potency, stability, and dissolution profile. All these tests were performed according to the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) specification. Researchers further formulated a batch of tablet of Losartan Potassium and compared them with the existing brands. The formulation was prepared by optimizing the existing one available in the USP. Test results of the existing brands were taken into consideration during the optimization of the formulation. Results and discussion: Two brands passed the weight variation test, while one brand exceeded the range (±5%). The potency was determined instantly and 15 days after keeping the tablets in a stability chamber at 75% humidity and 60oC temperature. The potency of two brands degraded below the lower limit specified by the USP, while that of the remaining one was within the limits. Results of other tests were within the specified limits. Tablets prepared in the lab using an optimized formulation showed a better dissolution rate than the existing brands. Conclusion: Some of the brands failed to meet the desired quality, so the quality control system of that companies should be upgraded and a proper monitoring system should be developed by the drug administration.
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