Smart toys have captured an increasing share of the toy market, and are growing ubiquitous in households with children. Smart toys are a subset of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, containing sensors, actuators, and/or artificial intelligence capabilities. They frequently have internet connectivity, directly or indirectly through companion apps, and collect information about their users and environments. Recent studies have found security flaws in many smart toys that have led to serious privacy leaks, or allowed tracking a child's physical location. Some well-publicized discoveries of this nature have prompted actions from governments around the world to ban some of these toys. Compared to other IoT devices, smart toys pose unique risks because of their easily-vulnerable user base, and our work is intended to define these risks and assess a subset of toys against them. We provide a classification of threats specific to smart toys in order to unite and complement existing adhoc analyses, and help comprehensive evaluation of other smart toys. Our vulnerability taxonomy addresses the potential security and privacy flaws that can lead to leakage of private information or allow an adversary to control the toy to lure, harm, or distress a child. Using this taxonomy, we perform a thorough experimental analysis of eleven smart toys and their companion apps. Our systematic analysis has uncovered that several current toys still expose children to multiple threats for attackers with physical, nearby, or remote access to the toy.
This paper shows the results of a Pulse Test conducted in Egypt's Badri Field. The test was conducted to understand the degree of hydraulic communication within the reservoir and to check a suspected fluid migration towards the nearby EI-Morgan Field. The test involved 6 wells, including the active well. The pulses were created by an alternate sequence of injection and shut-in periods of 36 hours each. The resulting pressure pulses were monitored in the observation wells for 12 days.Pulse Test Interpretation for Badri Field SPE25632 OBJECTIVESIn this paper, the results of the Pulse Test conducted in Egypt's Badri Field are presented. The objectives of the test were to determine the degree of hydraulic communication between the wells and to find a mathematical model that is capable of describing the dynamic behavior of the reservoir section investigated by the test. One of the objectives was to check the suspected fluid migration from the Badri-Belayim to the nearby EI-Morgan Field. PULSE TEST PROCEDUREThe test was conducted in the Badri Field, Belayim formation. The location map of the Badri and El-Morgan Fields, along with the top structure maps is shown in Fig. 1. The test involved six wells, Badri C1, C3, C4, C5, C7 and C8. Well C3 was the injection well and well C5, which was a producer, was shut-in before the test. Crystal gauges with extended memories were run in the observation wells C1, C4, C5, C7 and C8, and were set 20 feet above the top perforations. The layout of the production and injection wells are shown in Fig. 2.
This study has been focusing on planning wells, which target lower Pleistocene reservoirs below a depleted Ha'py gas field. Many Non Productive time events (NPT) have been anticipated, and the challenges of losing wells and running over budget have been considered as major risks in targeting the deeper prospects. Years of production from the main Pleistocene A20 reservoir has resulted in significant pressure depletion, while underlying largely-undeveloped Pleistocene reservoirs appear to be very promising they remain at or close to virgin conditions. In addition, the position of the platform at the centre of the field has made it necessary to drill highly-deviated wells to access remaining reserves at the crest of the field. Detailed planning and close collaboration between the PhPC (Pharaonic Petroleum Company) subsurface and drilling teams has been necessary to understand the geological and geomechanical properties of the key formations. This has helped in selecting appropriate mud rheology and mud additives in addition to ensuring good drilling practices that maximise safety and success. The combined effects of depletion and low rock strength make it effectively impossible to drill the A20 interval with the mud weights required to minimize well bore instability. As a result, stress cage additives were employed in the drilling mud in order to reduce the potential for losses due to the large overbalance against the depleted sand. Modeling prior to drilling suggested this application lay close to the technical limit of the stress cage methodology, and was beyond anything previously attempted within the Pleistocene reservoirs in the offshore Nile Delta. Careful execution meant we were able to successfully drill through the depleted zone, and as a result of this work, we have been able to deepen recent wells to access underlying gas resources. This success has allowed us to reduce NPT while ensuring safe well operations.
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