This paper investigates the social networks usage by students in Abidjan city, Côte d'Ivoire. We focus on a descriptive or quantitative analysis to understand the motivations and how students make use of internet and social networks. More than six hundred forms were distributed to persons we have deemed as students. In return, we received more than 93% of the forms that have been processed. The study highlights the materials and the digital platforms that students used the most. The majority of the respondents reported to have access to the social networks in their mobile phones, with WhatsApp leading this application ranking, followed by Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and Tik Tok. The survey shows that two third of our respondents are aged from 19 to 25 years old and almost half of the respondents spend daily 2 to 5 hours on digital platforms. The investigation also reveals that the main online activities are the e-commerce, chatting, information, and entertainment. The paper addresses also the online harassment of the students and it shows that more than one tenth of them have been victims of cyber-bullying. This study might be useful for governments, institutions, academia, individuals and professionals in order to communicate efficiently with a given population for a better use of social networks and to prevent students from harassment.
This study aims to compare the results of a memetic algorithm with those of the two-phase decomposition heuristic on the external depot production routing problem in a supply chain. We have modified the classical scheme of a genetic algorithm by replacing the mutation operator by three local search algorithms. The first local search consists in exchanging two customers visited the same day. The second consists in trying an exchange between two customers visited at consecutive periods and the third consists in removing a customer from his current tour for a better insertion in any tour of the same period. The tests that were carried out on 128 instances of the literature have highlighted the effectiveness of the memetic algorithm developed in this work compared to the two-phase decomposition heuristic. This is reflected by the fact that the results obtained by the memetic algorithm lead to a reduction in the overall average cost of production, inventory, and transport, ranging from 3.65% to 16.73% with an overall rate of 11.07% with regard to the results obtained with the two-phase decomposition heuristic. The outcomes will be beneficial to researchers and supply chain managers in the choice and development of heuristics and metaheuristics for the resolution of production routing problem.
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