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Monoclinic bismuth oxide ␣-Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles were synthesized starting from a mixture of oxalate complexes of bismuth Bi(C 2 O 4 )OH and Bi 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ·xH 2 O obtained by a direct solid-state reaction between a nitrate salt of bismuth and oxalic acid. The starting oxalate mixture precursors were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After heat treatment of the oxalate precursors, the obtained oxide ␣-Bi 2 O 3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These ␣-Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles show low efficiency in photodegradation under UV light irradiation of the dye rhodamine B.

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Background1,2,4-Triazoles and 1,2,3-triazoles have gained significant importance in medicinal chemistry.ResultsThis study describes a green, efficient and quick solvent free click synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-diesters carrying a lipophilic side chain via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diethylacetylene dicarboxylate with different surfactant azides. Further structural modifications of the resulting 1,2,3-triazole diesters to their corresponding 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones via multi-step synthesis has been also investigated. The structures of the newly designed triazoles have been elucidated based on their analytical and spectral data. These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Relative to the standard antimicrobial agents, derivatives of 1,2,3-triazole-bis-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones were the most potent antimicrobial agents with compound 7d demonstrating comparable antibacterial and antifungal activities against all tested microorganisms. Further, the selected compounds were studied for docking using the enzyme, Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase.ConclusionsThe in silico study reveals that all the synthesized compounds had shown good binding energy toward the target protein ranging from − 10.49 to − 5.72 kJ mol−1 and have good affinity toward the active pocket, thus, they may be considered as good inhibitors of GlcN-6-P synthase.