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The use of new information and communication technology is increasingly common nowadays. Content adaptation of learner's profile is an issue that concerns many researchers in education field. Several studies have been conducted to achieve high quality learning and adapt the content to learners' profiles.Some researchers have properly applied the ant colony algorithm to the field of e-learning.In this work we are interested in the improvement of ant colony algorithm for scheduling units of courses (e.g., a Java course). We follow a pedagogical way to establish units. We define five concepts to maintain learners' motivation and adapt the algorithm behavior to our context. So our contribution is a new pheromone that influences the algorithm to choose the right unit in a pedagogical sequence. Many changes are taken into consideration to implement the new version of ant colony algorithm. The trainers apply weights to each arc that are linking two units of the course. The profile definition is a part that was preliminary defined in previous work using fuzzy logic method.Method Roulette Weel is applied for the selection part. This method is interested in finding the final state. It is used in addition to the ant colony algorithm for the path exploration and optimal learning path.

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Abstract. Capacitive pressure sensors are widely used in a variety of applications and are built using a variety of processes, including 3D printing technology. The use of this technology could lead us to a situation of large deflections, depending on the mechanical properties of the materials and the resolution of the machines used. This aspect is rarely reported in previous research works that focus on improving the performance in terms of linearity and sensitivity of these sensors. This paper describes the realization of relative pressure sensors designed as two different structures; the first one is the classical design composed of a single capacitor, while the second one is composed of two capacitors, designed in such a way that they both vary according to the applied pressure but in opposite senses to each other. The purpose is to study in particular the performance of the second structure in the case of large deflections for the context of educational use. Polylactic acid (PLA) is used as the manufacturing material to print the sensors by means of a printer based on fused deposing modeling, while conductive materials are used to provide the electrical conductivity required for the printed sensors. The manufactured sensors were tested under pressure in the range of [0; 9] KPa. Compared to the performance obtained with the first structure, simulation and experimental results show that the second structure improves linearity and allows the sensitivity to be increased from a minimum of 9.98×10-2 pF/hPa to a minimum of 3.4×10-1 pF/hPa.

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