Fine needle aspiration biopsy yields a high rate of positive tissue with negligible local sequelae. We report the first instance known to us of Chiba needle tract seeding following this biopsy technique in a patient with renal malignancy.
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumour, which sometimes affects pediatric age group. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rarely performed technique in adrenal cortical tumours. There is sparse literature available describing the cytological findings of ACCs in children. Here we describe the cytological findings of 2 cases of ACCs in children. The first case describes the FNAC findings in a 4 year old girl who presented with a large abdominal mass. The second case narrates the intra‐operative imprint cytology findings in a 2‐year‐old boy who came with precocious puberty. However, diagnosis of adrenocortical tumours based on cytology alone can be difficult and definitive diagnosis should be made after correlating cytological features with the clinical profile, radiology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a tumor of intermediate grade with a low rate of metastasis. The tumor often mimics malignancy. There is sparse literature available describing the cytological findings of this rare condition. It often presents in infancy and childhood as an intra-abdominal mass. Here, we describe the cytological findings of three cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in infants aged 10 months, 4 months, and 15 months, respectively. While the first two cases are fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears, the third case is that of an intraoperative imprint cytology. All the three smears showed low cellularity with small clusters of bland spindle cells, along with sprinkling of inflammatory cells, suggestive of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The diagnosis was later confirmed on histopathology and positive immunostaining for ALK.
Background:
Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas (PGIL) are uncommon in children and account for <5% of all pediatric malignancies. The objective of our study was to analyze the prognostic factors of pediatric PGILs with reference to its histological subtypes, stage, and outcomes using immunohistochemistry.
Materials and Methods:
Twenty cases were studied over 11 years. Clinicopathological profiles, histological details, and immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles were analyzed.
Results:
The mean age at the presentation was 6 years. Using IHC stains (CD CD10, CD19, CD20, CD3, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, BCL 2 and 6, PAX 5, and MUM1), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was most prevalent (45%), followed by Burkitt lymphoma (35%) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (20%). DLBCLs (9) were classified using the Han's algorithm. Six were activated B-cell and 3 were germinal center B-cell subtypes. The cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and those in Stage I disease had the best prognosis.
Conclusion:
Pediatric PGILs have variable presentation, outcomes, and diverse treatment modalities depending on the histological subtypes. A panel of IHC stains can be a useful adjunct for the categorization and prognosis of pediatric PGILs.
Objectives:
Bone marrow examination is the final endpoint to the diagnosis of many haematological and nonhaematological disorders when all other clinical diagnostic tools have been done with. It consists of two tests each of which has their own role in making a final diagnosis. First bone marrow aspiration and second bone marrow biopsy. They complement each other and together provides a complete picture of the bone marrow. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and to observe the degree of correlation (kappa value) between the two procedures.
Material and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology of our institution from July 2021 to August 2022. In 149 cases, both BMA and BMB was performed simultaneously and was included in the study. BMA slides was stained with Leishman Giemsa stain and BMB underwent tissue decalcification and tissue processing followed by staining with haematoxylin and eosin stain. Other special stains such as PAS, Reticulin and Perl’s, ZielNeelson (ZN) stain were also done on all relevant cases. Data were analyzed using Graphpad Instat 3 and Prism 5.
Results:
The mean age was 8.23±4.37. Of these, the Male: Female ratio was 1.8:1. The most commonly correlated diagnosis in the lower age group were for iron deficiency anemia (100%), Childhood Acute Leukemia (87.2%) and in higher age groups, the most correlated diagnosis were for Chronic myeloid Leukaemia (100%) and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (72.72%). Kappa value in our study revealed that there was substantial agreement (0.6295) between the two procedures. the diagnostic efficacy of BMA is 77.18% and for BMB is 90.6%.
Conclusion:
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy have upperhand over each other in their respective area. Both shows substantial agreement and hence these should be performed together and not in isolation to give a complete diagnosis.
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