Balance training incorporated into a standard PR program significantly improves scores on balance tests in COPD patients.

Silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium, is listed as a noxious weed in its native range (Americas) and as an invasive alien plant in many countries across the world. Its local pattern of distribution in the EPPO region indicates that it is still in an establishment phase. S. elaeagnifolium invasiveness could be related to several biological traits: copious production of sexual and asexual propagules, its facility for long‐distance dispersion, its ability to endure considerable drought and to dominate shallow‐rooted vegetation, especially during summer dry periods, and its capacity to suppress more valuable species because it is unpalatable and toxic to cattle. Invasion of the Mediterranean semi‐arid region by S. elaeagnifolium was mainly facilitated by irrigation and animal production. Low moisture stress may favour this invasive species and sheep are an important pathway for its long‐distance dispersal. Once established, it is one of the most difficult weeds to eradicate because of its network of creeping horizontal and deep vertical roots. Its phenotypic plasticity enables it to adopt a rosette‐like growth pattern to escape control by repeated slashing. Thus, S. elaeagnifolium monitoring in the EPPO region is vital in order to contain established populations and prevent invasion.

The neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation group benefited from better walking tolerance and greater balance improvement than the only pulmonary rehabilitation.

Seven annual weed species were treated under greenhouse conditions with six rates of either nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, or a 1:1 mixture (DPX-79406). Herbicide rates in g ai/ha producing 90% dry biomass reduction (GR90) were calculated for each weed species. Accordingly, weeds were classified as very susceptible when GR90≤ 9, susceptible when 9 < GR90 ≤ 18, moderately susceptible when 18 < GR90≤ 27, and tolerant when, GR90> 27. Giant and green foxtails were very susceptible to the three herbicides. Proso millet was very susceptible to rimsulfuron and DPX-79406, and susceptible to nicosulfuron. Wild oat was susceptible to nicosulfuron and DPX-79406, and moderately susceptible to rimsulfuron. Redroot pigweed was very susceptible to nicosulfuron; whereas, it was susceptible to rimsulfuron and DPX-79406. Common ragweed and smooth crabgrass were tolerant to the three herbicides. In a second experiment, we used regression estimate analysis with an additive reference model to evaluate nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron interaction on corn, soybean, common ragweed, and smooth crabgrass. We found these herbicides synergistic on smooth crabgrass, antagonistic on soybean, less than additive on common ragweed, and additive on corn.