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In this study, 1D Photonic Crystal (PhC) with Nematic Liquid Crystal (N-LC) central microcavity is analyzed and discussed using Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) method. A microcavity is inserted into the 1D PhC by the Air Defect, making it ideal for measuring the properties of an N-LC contained inside the microcavity. Here simulation is considered for NLC (E7) as a thermal sensor. The principle of photonic crystal thermal sensor operation is studied in the TE mode of the incident beam. We conduct a detailed study of the thermal sensor with differences in the width of central microcavity of N-LC. The sensitivity and quality factor are evaluated. Compared to other photonic crystal sensors mentioned previously, this thermal optical sensor has a much simpler structure and higher sensitivity.