Osteoarthritis is a common musculoskeletal disorder where thinning of cartilage fibers occurs in the joints which causes stiffness, pain, and impairment. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the blood sugar level is not maintained properly at normal range. Knee joint osteoarthritis is one of the commonest arthritis. Age is said to be an essential risk factor for diabetes and arthritis. A well-structured set of self-evaluable questionnaires were circulated among the south Indian population. The data was collected by the survey planet link, the questions were verified by the institutional review board and the data was collected and analyzed. The variables were randomized to reduce bias. The data collected were manipulated and statistically analyzed. The awareness level and the suggestions regarding the relation between age, gender, diabetes, and knee joint arthritis were questioned and the opinions discussed. It was found that about 61.9% of the population suffers from osteoarthritic conditions. 46.4% of the population are sure and 43.3% population somewhat believe that onset of osteoarthritis is due to their diabetic condition. About 25.8% sure and 34% somewhat agree with the other risk factors of osteoarthritis. 43.3% of the population strongly agrees, 23.7% agree that obesity is a risk factor for both diabetes and osteoarthritis. About 47.4% of the populations are sure about the association between osteoarthritis and diabetes. The response shows that there is a relation between osteoarthritis and diabetes. So further studies should be made over the relation between diabetes and knee joint osteoarthritis among the middle and old aged population and the mechanism behind it and spread awareness about the same.
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is considered to be a common type of human cancer. It is highly invasive with limited therapeutic options outside surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Cadherin family genes comprises a family with more than 110 members which are calcium dependent transmembrane proteins which helps in cellular adhesion, signaling etc. There exist different functions of Cadherin genes in malignant cells. Uncontrolled mesenchymal- epithelial transition is seen in malignant situations where the cadherins serve as tumour suppressor genes but gets down regulated drastically to create tumour initiation and invasions. This study aims to study the association between genetic alterations in the cadherin family of genes and HNSCC patients. Materials and Methods: The datas were collected from a promising database, cBioportal and the demographic details of the selected individuals(HNSCC patients) were tabulated and noted. The genetic variations in the genes were analysed using GnomAD analysis, oncoprint analysis and their various genetic alterations,frequency were tabulated and represented figuratively. Results and Discussion: On analysing the various genetic alterations discovered in cadherin family genes of HNSCC patients, CDH2 gene showed maximum genetic alteration(%). The different genetic alterations documented were splicing, deep deletion, amplification, etc. the oncoprint data analysis shows the frequency of the types of different genetic alteration in the five genes considered, their combination with any other genetic alteration seen in the other genes along with their frequency. The graphical representation of Kaplan meier analysis, showing over expression of CDH2 genes helps understand the survival rate of HNSCC patients. These analysis and tabulated documents, figures prove the association between genetic alterations in the cadherin family of genes and HNSCC. Conclusion: There exists a significant association between HNSCC and genetic alterations seen in the cadherin family of genes.
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