Highlights There is no approved treatment for dry AMD or for the advanced GA of the retina. Tissue engineering is promising to repair damaged human retina, and restore its functions. Polymeric scaffolds allow cells to grow & proliferate to regenerate damaged retinal tissues. Integration of tissue engineering with drug delivery to regenerate retinal cells is yet to be realized. Degenerative retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), can lead to permanent sight loss. Although intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and steroid injections are effective for the management of early stages of wet and/or neovascular AMD (nAMD), no proven treatments currently exist for dry AMD or for the advanced geographic atrophy of the retina that follows. Tissue engineering (TE) has recently emerged as a promising alternative to repair retinal damaged and restore its functions. Here, we review recent advances in TE, with a particular emphasis on retinal regeneration. We provide an overview of retinal diseases, followed by a comprehensive review of TE techniques, cells, and polymers used in the fabrication of scaffolds for retinal cell regenerations, in particular the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
Please cite this article as: Dalaty, A. A., Karam, A., Najlah, M., Alany, R. G., and Khoder, M.,Effect of non-cross-linked calcium on characteristics, swelling behaviour, drug release and mucoadhesiveness of calcium alginate beads, Carbohydrate Polymers (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.010 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Page 1 of 27 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t
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