No abstract

Eucalyptus marginata L. has a significant value in traditional medicine and recently has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties in vitro. The main goal of the present study was to optimize the extraction parameters of phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus marginata L. leaves using the extraction technique assisted by ultrasound in comparison with maceration using response surface methodology as a predicted tool. Therefore, total phenolic and flavonoid contents have been optimized, taking into account four variables: extraction time, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and ethanol concentration. The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction method for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents was obtained by ensuring the following parameters: t = 49.9 min, T = 74.9°C, liquid-to-solid ratio = 39.5 ml/g, and ethanol = 58.48%. The optimum extract has been subjected to LC-ESI-MS analysis. This technique allowed us to identify ten phenolic compounds: four phenolic acids mainly gallic acid (27.77 ± 0.06 µg/g DW) and protocatechuic acid (37.66 ± 0.04 µg/g DW) and six flavonoid compounds such as quercetrin (150.78 ± 0.02 µg/g DW) and hyperoside (39.19 ± 0.03 µg/g DW). These green and efficient procedures should be a promising option to guide industrial design for the production of phenolic-rich plant extracts.

In the present study, the seed oil from Onopordum acanthium. L and methanolic extract of the defatted meal were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect and antioxidant potential. The phenolic composition of the defatted meal was determined with RP-HPLC-UV and tocopherols levels in the crude oil were also assessed. Overall, the methanolic extract exhibited the best amount of total phenolics and flavonoids content (78.06±0.55 mg GAE/g on DW basis and 20.38±0.21 mg RE/g on DW basis, respectively).Seven phenolic compounds were identified with cinnamic acids as the major components (67.2%) and epicatechin was the dominant flavan-3-ol. Additionally, three individual tocopherols were determined and α-tocopherol was the main isomer (914.8±0.02mg/kg). Data of antioxidant performance showed superior antioxidant capacity in methanol extract. Moreover methanolic extract from defatted seeds was more active towards HepG2 cancer cells than the crude oil(IC 50 of 44.05±3.54µg/ml) and showed less cytotoxicity towards AML12 normal hepatocytes in comparison to doxorubicin indicating at least some tumor-specific action. * Corresponding authors: maalweslati@iau.edu.sa genera within the asteraceae family. It is a highly reputable plant as a source of constituents with promising bioactivity to be exploited at many domains. O. acanthium is widely distributed over the world. The plant is characterized by significant

Fusarium verticillioides, an important maize pathogen, produce fumonisins, causes stalk rot and consequentially reduce crop growth and yield. Therefore, herein we aimed to evaluate the potential use of two farmyard soil organic manures, i.e., fresh (5-6 days old) and stored (5-6 months old) organic manure, to manage F. verticillioides infections as well as borer incidence and lodging in maize plants. After 30, 60, and 90 days of sowing, samples of soil, roots, and stems were collected to isolate F. verticillioides. Moreover, we estimated ear and kernel rot induced by F. verticillioides at the final harvest. Fresh organic manure treatment increased infection rates of F. verticillioides in soil, roots, stem and kernels compared to the control treatment. In contrast, stored organic manure plots treatments decrease F. verticillioides frequency. At 90 days after sowing, stored organic manure suppressed the survival of F. verticillioides, which reduced the F. verticillioides incidence percent. These results were similar to the effect of herbicides-and insecticide-treated plots demonstrated, which show a significant decrease in F. verticillioides incidence rates. Mycological analysis on symptomless kernels revealed a higher % of pathogen infection in opened husks variety (Balady) than closed husks variety (SC10). Compared with stored organic manure, the stem borer incidence and lodging percentage were the highest in fresh organic manure plots. Finally, these results demonstrated that storing organic manure within five to six months as farmyard manure led to high-temperature centigrade within organic manure, thereby destroying spores of F. verticillioides, whereas fresh organic manure did not.

The present study, aimed at presenting comprehensive data on the content of storage and structure lipids of the unexploited wild Onopordum acanthium vegetable oil during achenes development. By using ESI-MS, and Total mass spectral intensities, we identified and determined the proportions of sixteen TAG species. POP, SOP, OLS, GLL, ALO and PLLn were detected for the first time. In addition five phospholipid (PL) classes were discerned. Interestingly, each stage of maturation was characterized by the dominance of one or two phospholipid classes with generally Phosphatidylglycerol as the prominent form in all collection dates (48.2% of total PLs). Various PL molecular species were detected in each class of glycerophospholipid. The main acyl chains were found to be palmitic; linoleic and linolenic acids. Unexpectedly, linolenic acid was found more frequently in phospholipids than in triglycerides. Our findings provide useful information about a new source of vegetable oil that can be exploited in food or non-food applications.