For the purpose of obtaining a water‐soluble, reciprocity‐law‐failing photoresist, a study was made on the photo‐crosslinking properties of various systems composed of water‐soluble polymers and bisazides. Reciprocity‐law‐failing photoresists are suitable for use in the fabrication of black matrix color picture tubes without any alteration in the shadow mask. As a result, a system containing polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, and 4, 4′‐diazidostilbene‐2, 2′‐disulfonic acid disodium salt was found to show a significant reciprocity‐law‐failing property in the range of light intensity used practically in black matrix fabrication. The mechanism of the photo‐cresslinking reaction of this photoresist was investigated. It is suggested that the bisazide decomposes to liberate a reactive dinitrene intermediate. This photodecomposition was found to proceed reciprocally. The nitrene reacts with polymer molecules to form a water‐insoluble three dimensional network. If, however, oxygen is present, this crosslinking reaction is inhibited by a preferential reaction between dinitrene and oxygen. By this oxygen effect, this photoresist reveals significant reciprocity‐law‐failing characteristics.
The cross sections of both amplitude and phase holograms are observed by electron microscopy. Holograms were recorded on Kodak 649F and Scientia 14C75 sheet films by using a He–Ne laser beam (6328 Å). It is shown that the holograms are recorded throughout the whole thickness of the emulsion layer and the developed grains are enlarged by bleaching (about 1.5 times by length). This enlargement can be correlated with the thickness change of the emulsion layer during the chemical processing in making holograms.
This paper reports on the effect of low energy He+ ion-beam bombardment upon the structure of pyrene thin films formed on quartz substrates. Films are prepared by vacuum evaporation during ion bombardment at room temperature. The structure of the film is controlled by the kinetic energy and current density of the ions. The colorless and transparent crystalline films preferentially oriented with their {001} plane parallel to the substrates are obtained by bombardment of 350 to 500 eV, 60 nA/cm2 He+ ions. Ion-beam irradiation of the higher ion current density enhances intermolecular chemical reactions and, as a result, a crystalline polymer with its {001} plane parallel to the substrate is produced.
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