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GAS showed aggressive behavior with ominous histopathological predictors as well as decreased survival.• GAS also showed resistance to radiotherapy.• GAS is therefore considered a distinct entity that should be distinguished from UEA. a b s t r a c tObjective. Gastric-type mucinous carcinoma (GAS) is a novel variant of mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. As shown in the original Japanese group description, in recent studies, GAS represents a more aggressive disease than the usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA). Detailed clinicopathological features of this variant remain to be elucidated in a larger series of patients.Methods. Patients were enrolled by the Gynecologic Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group after receiving the approval of each Institutional Review Board. The study population comprised of women with stage I to II endocervical adenocarcinomas who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2009. Representative slides were evaluated by central pathological review (CPR), categorized into either GAS or UEA, and correlated with clinicopathological features and outcome.Results. Among the 393 enrolled patients with endocervical adenocarcinoma, 328 patients met the criteria for CPR and the study eligibility criteria and were included in further analysis. A total of 95 of the 328 tumors were classified as GAS. Compared with UEA, GAS was more significantly associated with bulky mass, deep stromal invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, parametrial invasion, ovarian metastasis, positive ascitic fluid cytology, j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / y g y n o pelvic lymph node metastasis, and pathological (p) T stage but was not related to the degree of histological differentiation. Disease-free survival (P b 0.0001) and overall survival (P b 0.0001) were poorer in patients with GAS than in those with UEA.Conclusions. GAS showed aggressive behavior with ominous histopathological predictors as well as decreased survival. GAS is therefore considered a distinct entity that should be distinguished from UEA.Clinical trial information. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000007987

Purpose: We aimed to develop an ovarian cancer-specific predictive framework for clinical stage, histotype, residual tumor burden, and prognosis using machine learning methods based on multiple biomarkers.Experimental Design: Overall, 334 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 101 patients with benign ovarian tumors were randomly assigned to "training" and "test" cohorts. Seven supervised machine learning classifiers, including Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine, Random Forest (RF), Conditional RF (CRF), Na€ ve Bayes, Neural Network, and Elastic Net, were used to derive diagnostic and prognostic information from 32 parameters commonly available from pretreatment peripheral blood tests and age.Results: Machine learning techniques were superior to conventional regression-based analyses in predicting multiple clinical parameters pertaining to EOC. Ensemble meth-ods combining weak decision trees, such as GBM, RF, and CRF, showed the best performance in EOC prediction. The values for the highest accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC) for segregating EOC from benign ovarian tumors with RF were 92.4% and 0.968, respectively. The highest accuracy and AUC for predicting clinical stages with RF were 69.0% and 0.760, respectively. High-grade serous and mucinous histotypes of EOC could be preoperatively predicted with RF. An ordinal RF classifier could distinguish complete resection from others. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified subgroups among early-stage EOC patients with significantly worse survival.Conclusions: Machine learning systems can provide critical diagnostic and prognostic prediction for patients with EOC before initial intervention, and the use of predictive algorithms may facilitate personalized treatment options through pretreatment stratification of patients.NOTE: There were too few early-stage EOC patients with residual tumor. A definition for the significance of bold is P value of < 0.05.

We previously reported that indoleamine-2,3dioxygenase (IDO) is associated with paclitaxel resistance and that IDO serves as a marker of poor prognosis in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas (SA). In this study, to explore the role of IDO in the development of various histological types of ovarian cancer, we further examined IDO expression not only in SA but also in other types of ovarian cancers. Expression of IDO protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for a total of 122 ovarian cancers including 40 SA, 67 clear cell adenocarcinomas (CCA), and 15 endometrioid adenocarcinomas (EA) with informed consent. Among these cases, there were 11 CCA accompanied with endometriosis and 60 cases with lymph node metastasis. We classified the samples into four categories by IDO staining pattern. IDO staining was positive in 57.5% of SA, 49.2% of CCA, and 73.3% of EA, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a clear relationship between staining score and overall survival for patients with advanced (stages III and IV) SA (n=33) who underwent optimal surgery and paclitaxelcarboplatin (TC) chemotherapy as a first-line regimen. There was no association between IDO staining score and overall survival in the CCA cases. Eight of 11 cases (72.7%) of CCA accompanied by endometriosis presented identical staining patterns of IDO between CCA and endometriosis. In 43 of 60 cases (71.6%) with lymph node metastasis, the staining patterns of IDO showed a correspondence between the primary lesion and metastatic site. These results suggested that the increased synthesis of IDO protein was positively associated with impaired survival only in the serous type of ovarian cancer.

for the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group IMPORTANCE The efficacy of taxane plus platinum regimens has been demonstrated for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer; however, it has not been assessed in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrial cancer.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical benefit of taxane plus platinum compared with standard doxorubicin plus cisplatin as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in endometrial cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this multicenter, open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial, patients with endometrial cancer at high-risk stage I or II or stage III or IV that did not extend beyond the abdominal cavity and had 2 cm or greater residual tumor were included from 118 institutions in