The amounts of calcium carbonate adhered on sheets (PVC, carbon steel, Type 316 stainless steel, and Cu) and coated steels sheets (Cu, Zn, Ni, NiP , and Ni-W-P coated steels) were investigated in the synthesis solution. The transformation and crystal growth of the calcium carbonate were different among the materials. The primary form in the adhered polymorphisms was calcite on PVC, carbon steel, Type 316 stainless steel, Cu, and Cu coated steel, and aragonite on Zn, Ni, NiP , and Ni-W-P coated steels, and vaterite was not primary form on all materials. The materials, on which the primary form in the adhesion polymorphisms is calcite, showed large adhesion amounts because calcite is stable phase and its solubility is lower than the other polymorphisms. The crystal growths of the specific polymorphisms on some materials were inhibited, and the irregular shapes of their polymorphisms formed: calcite adhered on carbon steel and Ni, NiP , Ni-W-P coated steels, aragonite adhered on Zn, NiP , and Ni-W-P coated steels became the irregular shape. The comprised elements of the material surfaces were detected at the surface of the calcium carbonate crystals adhered on the materials. The transformation and crystal growth are affected by the elution ions from the material surfaces, and the effects of eluted ions (Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , and PO 4 3−) from these materials were almost same with the ones of previous studies. To reduce the adhesion amount of calcium carbonate, the material comprised of the elements, which shows the inhibitor effects of the transformation and the cr ystal growths of many kinds of polymorphisms, is better.
The effects of restricted slip conditions on both the Taylor factor and plastic work rate under the condition of tensile yielding have been analyzed in -titanium alloys at low temperatures, using the full constraints model. The role of secondary slip systems, i.e., the hai basal slip and hc þ ai pyramidal slip, was clarified, when the hai prismatic slip was dominant. Although no influence of secondary slip conditions on the Taylor factor was detected, the plastic work rate was sensitive to the operating secondary slip systems. When the basal system was chosen as the secondary slip system, the plastic work rate increased in all tensile axes, especially around h0001i. In addition, no basal slip operation decreased the plastic strain energy. The plastic work rate was the highest along the h0001i tensile axis, and the operation of the hc þ ai pyramidal slip was necessary to achieve plastic deformation along c axis. High elastic strain energy, therefore, must accumulate to a high level around h0001i, because the pyramidal slip is hardly active owing to its very high critical resolved shear stress.
It has been reported that the potential of stainless steel (S.S.) ennobles to 400 mV by the formation of biofilm in seawater. This phenomenon can lead to the development of a battery by coupling an active counter electrode. On the other hand, TiO2 is well known as an n-type semiconductor which exhibits the photo-catalytic effect under the UV irradiation. When a TiO2 coated metal is irradiated by the UV light, excited electrons are transferred to the base metal, this phenomenon leads to the active shift of electrode potential. This effect can be applied to microbial fuel cell as a non-sacrifice electrode. We have investigated the electrochemical characteristics of the marine microbial fuel cell (MMFC) composed of biofilm covered stainless steel cathode and TiO2 anode in seawater. However, it is needed to improve the photo-potential characteristics of electrodes for the practical application.The present work attempted to improve the battery performance by assembling the double layered TiO2 anode electrode.Results from experimental, by using the double layered anode for MFC, cell voltage increases 120 mV and maximum power density enhances 1.4 times compared with the value of single layered one coated by squeegee printing method. The double layered electrode has anatase / rutile hetero-junction, therefore it promotes the electron transfer between base metal and TiO2 coating interface. In addition, the double layered electrode has a high durability against the cyclic irradiation because TiO2 intermediate layer behaves as a corrosion protective barrier which suppresses the direct contact between electrolyte and base metal.
Commercially pure titanium thin films were uniformly formed on inner surfaces of tissue culture dishes by DC sputtering method. Then, the thickness of the film was about 30nm and the films were thin titanium oxide layer on commercially pure titanium. MC3T3-E1 cells were normally cultured on the dishes. Then, The films on the dishes were not broken and did not decompose. After 24 hours, observations of the sample from the direction of the cells' bottom surfaces adhered the titanium oxide on the commercially pure titanium film by an inverted optical microscope succeeded. Therefore, the new technique is useful for observations the interactions between titanium oxide and cells.
We have been investigating the electrochemical characteristics of the marine microbial fuel cell(MMFC) composed of biofilm covered stainless steel cathode and titanium dioxide anode in actual seawater. In the past study, the double layered TiO2 electrode showed a superior photocatalytic property as an intermediate layer plays a role of accelerating electron transfer. This intermediate layer also behaves as a protective barrier which suppresses the substrate corrosion against the cyclic light irradiation. The present work attempted to analyze the Rutile / Anatase double layered TiO2 electrode characteristics by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) to improve the electrode performance when TiO2 double layered anode is assembled to the MMFC.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.