Genetic variability is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program, and mutagenesis is a proven way of creating new variation within a crop germplasm. Novel genetic variability in rapeseed was induced by gamma rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and combined mutagen treatment, using various doses and concentrations. The objective was to evaluate and compare the obtained M 2 mutants for important quantitative traits in two contrasted environments. Data on phenological, morphological and agronomic parameters were recorded. A large variability was observed and mutagenic treatments had a significant effect on all traits studied. Compared to control plants, mutant genotypes derived from seeds treated with low EMS concentrations during moderate time were earlier and characterized by a higher number of pods per plant. For high concentration of EMS during long time and for combinations of physical and chemical mutagens, a significant decrease in plant height and stature was noticed, as compared to control. Besides, plants derived from gamma rays-treated seeds exhibited the highest 1000-seed weight. The novel induced variability may be integrated in rapeseed breeding program as a new germplasm with improved agronomic traits. Particularly, EMS1-7-stable mutant may be exploited to develop efficiently and quickly a new rapeseed cultivar with some desirable traits. The present study highlights once more the possibility to bring novel genetic diversity for rapeseed desirable traits improvement through mutation breeding. Keywords: rapeseed / quantitative traits / mutation breeding / EMS treatment / Gamma rays Résumé -Développement et évaluation de divers mutants prometteurs de colza (Brassica napus L.) obtenus par mutagénèse physique et chimique. La variabilité génétique est essentielle pour tout programme d'amélioration de plantes et la mutagénèse s'avère une technique incontestable d'induction de nouvelle variabilité génétique dans les germoplasmes des cultures. Chez le colza, une nouvelle variabilité génétique a été induite après traitement de semences par les rayons gamma, l'EMS et leur combinaison, en utilisant différentes doses et concentrations. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer et comparer les mutants M 2 obtenus pour des caractères quantitatifs, dans deux environnements contrastés. Les paramètres étudiés sont d'ordre phénologique, morphologique et agronomique. Une grande variabilité a été observée et les traitements mutagènes ont eu un effet significatif sur tous les paramètres. Les mutants qui proviennent d'une faible concentration d'EMS, durant une période modérée, sont plus précoces et ont un nombre de siliques plus élevé que la variété témoin (non traitée). Par contre, des mutants dérivés de forte concentration d'EMS, pendant une longue période, et de la combinaison d'EMS avec les rayons gamma, ont montré une réduction significative de la hauteur et de la vigueur des plantes. Par ailleurs, les plantes dérivées de ☆ Contribution to the Topical Issue "Rapeseed / Colza"
Induced mutation may be an effective alternative to get a novel genetic variability that might not be found in natural germplasm. Seeds of Brassica napus L. (variety 'INRA-CZH2') were treated with Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS), in 1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6% doses for 6, 7 and 14 hours, and were planted to obtain the M1 plants and then the M2 plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the novel induced variability observed for some important quantitative traits and to select mutants with modified and interesting characteristics. Data were recorded on 10 random plants taken from M2 populations derived from each treatment (dose by duration), along with control plants (wild type), and were evaluated in two contrasted environments. A considerable variability was observed, and EMS treatment had a significant effect on all the traits studied. Compared to control plants, mutants coming from seeds treated with low EMS doses for moderate time, namely 1% EMS (7 hours), flowered and matured earlier and had higher number of pods per plant in both environments. In addition, they were generally more adapted than the check and the other mutants to stressful environments associated with low rainfall, high temperature and late planting at Allal Tazi location. This would explain phenotypic stability and adaptability of these mutants to the environments studied. Besides, late planting at Allal Tazi location was harmful for all the plant materials studied (check and mutants) having exhibited lower performance compared to early planting at Douyet location. Interestingly, this is the first time that a rapeseed mutant combining such desirable characteristics is obtained. This promising mutant exhibiting its stability throughout M1 and M2 generations in both the environments will be valuable and useful for fast development of adapted and agronomically superior rapeseed cultivar.
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