PRKACB (Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Beta) is predominantly expressed in the brain, and regulation of this gene links to neuroprotective effects against tau and Aβ-induced toxicity. Here we studied a (GCC)-repeat spanning the core promoter and 5′ UTR of this gene in 300 human subjects, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 150) and controls (N = 150). We also implemented several models to study the impact of this repeat on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of DNA. While the PRKACB (GCC)-repeat was strictly monomorphic at 7-repeats, we detected two 7/8 genotypes only in the NCD group. In all examined models, the (GCC)7 and its periodicals had the least range of divergence variation on the 3D structure of DNA in comparison to the 8-repeat periodicals and several hypothetical repeat lengths. A similar inert effect on the 3D structure was not detected in other classes of short tandem repeats (STRs) such as GA and CA repeats. In conclusion, we report monomorphism of a long (GCC)-repeat in the PRKACB gene in human, its inert effect on DNA structure, and enriched divergence in late-onset NCD. This is the first indication of natural selection for a monomorphic (GCC)-repeat, which probably evolved to function as an “epigenetic knob”, without changing the regional DNA structure.
Suppose G is a simple graph. The irregularity of G, irr(G), is the summation of imb(e) over all edges uv = e ∈ G, where imb(e) = |deg(u) − deg(v)|. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of this graph parameter under some old and new graph operations.
Let G be a graph and S ⊆ V (G). If every two adjacent vertices of G have different metric S-representations, then S is a local metric generator for G. A local metric generator of smallest order is a local metric basis for G, its order is the local metric dimension of G. Lower and upper bounds on the local metric dimension of the generalized hierarchical product are proved and demonstrated to be sharp. The results are applied to determine or bound the dimension of several graphs of importance in mathematical chemistry. Using the dimension, a new model for assigning codes to customers in delivery services is proposed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.