Environmental impacts of every manufacturing procedure are a major consideration in every industry. These impacts include human health and safety and environmental burdens which are known as vital concerns in the industrial world. Before accepting any new process as a part of manufacturing procedure, a clear landscape from every aspect of that process should be provided. Additive manufacturing (AM) is growing from a prototyping method to the level of manufacturing functional products which require specific and accurate characterization information about every step of the whole production line. In this paper, attempts are made to address environmental impacts and safety considerations of metallic AM-based processes as well as their applicable solutions. AM processes are compared to conventional manufacturing methods from environmental aspects. Moreover, the benefits of metal AM as a fabricating and repairing method are presented. In conclusion, AM potential as a substitution or even complement for conventional manufacturing methods are discussed, where safety is considered vital.
In recent Decade, utilization of management and engineering indicators has become a common task. Among these indicators, Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) are more popular. Iran Khodro as the largest car manufacturer company in Iran and in the Middle East to optimize its production lines, electricity has been substituted by compressed air power. To achieve this target, this company launched compressed air department that has 50 air compressors including centrifugal and screw types and this number was reached gradually through the years. In this paper, to investigate the status of the equipment and report to department managers OEE index has been used. Since this indicator is more commonly used for systems and equipment that has a specific production schedule, this paper by proposing new definitions and changes in OEE parameters, calculation of this index for one compressor has become possible. By having this index for each compressor, one can analyze the performance of each compressor alone or in comparison with the others and as a case study the OEE of ten compressors belonged to the compressed air department since march to august of 2017 have been calculated and analysis has been reported.
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative technology that opens up new visions in any industrial field. This technology is growing rapidly, entering various industries every day. After over 30 years from the introduction of metal additive manufacturing into the industrial world, the today's demand is to make mechanical parts with high precision by metal additive manufacturing. Until now, methods like high precision grinding or micro-machining processes are used to make more precise dimensions in parts. Those methods have their own limits and deficiencies that could be eliminated with additive manufacturing. In this paper, attempts are made to compare conventional precise processes with metal additive manufacturing from different aspects. Surface finish in these two categories is discussed and some advice for improving the surface quality of metal additive manufacturing parts is proposed. Applicability and utilization of metal additive manufacturing as a precise metal fabrication method in various industries with examples are also discussed.
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