The retinal toxicity of a combination of antineoplastic drugs in free and liposome-encapsulated form was determined in the rabbit eye. Bleomycin sulfate and 5-fluorouridine were evaluated by clinical observation, electroretinogram, and histological study. Forty-five eyes were injected with combinations of various doses of bleomycin and 5-FUR in free and encapsulated form; 10 eyes served as controls. The nontoxic free dose was found to be 3.5 micrograms bleomycin and 150 micrograms 5-FUR. Liposome encapsulation increased the nontoxic dose to 4.7 micrograms bleomycin and 200 micrograms 5-FUR. Four groups of rabbits in which proliferative vitreoretinopathy had been induced were used for the efficacy study; the control group received an injection of PBS; the second group was injected with a combination of 3.5 micrograms bleomycin and 150 micrograms 5-FUR in free form; the third group was injected with the identical doses in liposome-encapsulated form; and the fourth group received encapsulated bleomycin (4.7 micrograms) and 5-FUR (200 micrograms). The dose used in Group 4 was significantly more effective (P < 0.01) in preventing tractional retinal detachment and marginally more effective (P = 0.054) in preventing neovascularization.
The effect of piroxicam on the blood-retina barrier was evaluated in rats with experimentally induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were divided into two equal groups: those treated with piroxicam, a long-acting platelet inhibitor, and an untreated control group. Vitreous fluorophotometry (VFP) was performed both before and two weeks after induction of diabetes and piroxicam intake. Streptozocin-induced diabetes caused an alteration in the blood-retinal barrier evidenced by an increase in vitreous fluorescein concentration in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. Piroxicam intake did not lead to significant change in vitreous fluorescein concentrations. However, the examination had to be terminated at two weeks because of cataract formation. The piroxicam treated group showed less incidence of lens opacity formation (59.1% compared to 81.8% in the untreated group, p = 0.0006). Piroxicam administration appears to protect the diabetic rat eye against lens opacification.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of Phaco Chop Cataract Surgery on Corneal Endothelium. Setting: Kasr Al-Ainy, university hospital, in the period between Aug-2021 to Feb-2022. Methods: A prospective study included 30-eyes that underwent cataract surgery using Phacochop technique. Endothelial cell loss (ECL) was correlated to effective phaco-time in seconds (EPT), age of the patients, and their gender 3-months postoperatively using specular microscopy. Results: This study was performed on 30 patients (17-cases were males, and 13-cases were females) who underwent phacoemulsification. Their ages ranged from 55 to 80 years, with a mean of 66.5 (± 6.54) years. The mean preoperative cell density (CD)was 2236 cell/mm 2 , that decreased to 1597 cells/mm 2 , 3-months postoperatively. This drop in CD was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation (P<0.0001) between ECL and EPT. Also, there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.0001) between EPT and cataract density. However, there was no correlation (P=0.9316) between ECL and age. Also, there was no correlation between ECL and gender (P = 0.326). There was significant improvement of visual acuity in all cases (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Phaco Chop is an effective technique for cataract surgery. However, there was a significant effect on corneal endothelium.ECL was related EPT, which in turn was related type of senile cataract.
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