Background and objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of the primary health care physicians (PHCP) in Kalubia governorate, Egypt, about the causes, diagnosis, complications, and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB). Methods: Cross-sectional survey distributed by interview to 500 physicians working in the primary health care (PHC) sector in Kalubia. Results: Out of 500 distributed surveys, 419 (84%) PHCP completed the questionnaire. They represent 174 (90%) out of 193 PHC units and centers. About 18% were males and 82% females with mean age of 28.5 ± 5.2 years, and mean duration of work was 3.3 ± 4.4 years. All of the respondents have patients with NHB in their daily practice. The knowledge of the PHCP was good in some aspects about NHB; however, it was poor and may be even hazardous in other aspects. Conclusions: Many areas of defects are detected in PHCP knowledge about NHB. Pre-service and continuous training of the PHCP about the diagnosis and management of NHB are essential.

The populations of the spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (different stages) and their natural enemies i.e. predacious mites (families, Stigmaeidae, Tydeidae and Phytoseiidae) and the true spiders (families Saltisidae, Philrodomidae, Miturigidae, Thomisidae, Lycosidae and Araneidae) were studied in Beni Suef governorate during the cotton cultivated seasons, 2010 and 2011.The population differed according to the different sampling dates on the different cotton varities, Giza 80, 90 x ost, Dandra, Giza 83, Giza 89, Giza 90 and Giza 91 varities.The cotton (Giza 90 variety) was the most susceptible to the spider mite infestation in the two seasons, as, it harboured 96.625 and 83.5 mite individuals, per leaf in the seasons 2010 and 2011,respectively. The statistical analysis of obtained data indicated that the least significant differences for different varities were 39.559 and 19.779 in case of season effect. Also, Giza 80 and Giza 83 varities harboured more predacious mites during 2010 (6.5) individuals for each, while each of Giza 80 and Giza 90 harboured during 2011, 6 predacious mites. The average collected numbers of the spiders was 12.25 individuals on Dandra variety during 2010 while on Giza 83 variety during 2011 season was 8.25 individuals. The study indicated that there was generally positive correlation between the two spotted spider mite and their associated natural enemies.

The tetranychid mite is considered one of the important mite pests attacking cotton plants in Egypt. The present work was carried out to study the efficacy of the tested compounds against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae under field conditions. First season (2005):The cotton plants were sprayed by using the recommended concentration of seven compounds, namely (agrin, Vertemic, hexaflumuron, Super Misrona Oil, Micronized Sulfur, and Liquid Sulfur) to study the effectiveness on the adult stages of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.Vertemic gave highly reduction percent (85.11%) in infestation against the adult stages of T. urticae, while Agrin, flufenoxuron,