Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

The present work has been carried out to investigate both the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of seedlings grown in vitro and in vivo. Only ethanol extract of in vitro germinated seedlings on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) hormone free medium, had antibacterial activity. Activity was high in case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae (inhibition zones = 55.00 ± 0.00, 55.00 ± 0.00 and 26.25 ± 1.58 mm; activity index = 4.15, 1.67 and 0.48, respectively). The effect was moderate in case of Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone = 15.75 ± 1.58 mm, activity index = 1.67). The extract had no effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Total antioxidant activity studies (GAE s in ppm) showed that 20 days old in vivo grown seedlings were highest in total antioxidants (1810.00 ± 60.12), followed by 30 days old in vivo grown seedlings (1133.13 ± 55.35). Results of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity showed that the least IC 50 in mg/ml was obtained using 30 days old in vivo grown seedlings extract (IC 50 = 1.16 ± 0.02), followed by 20 days old in vivo grown seedlings extract (IC 50 = 1.26 ± 0.02). The study shows the possibility of producing biological activity from early developmental growth stages of Rumex vesicarius.

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Tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD) is one of the major causes for maximum yield loss of tomato. This disease is caused by tomato leaf curl viruses (ToLCV) belongs to the genus Begomovirus. The infected plants emerge with severe leaf curling, puckering, and yellow margin, reduced leaf size and stunted growth. Tomato leaf curl symptoms caused due to physiological reason sometimes may misguide the farmer for proper identification. In this study, we described about the molecular diagnosis of ToLCVD in the samples collected from six major tomato cultivating areas of Bangladesh. Molecular methods were followed to diagnose and characterize tomato leaf curl virus coat protein (CP) gene. We have isolated total DNA from symptomatic leaves and subjected to rolling circle amplification (RCA). Restriction digestion, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing was performed using the RCA products. The coat protein of ToLCV was sequenced by the begomovirus specific "BGCP" forward and reverse primers. The partial sequences of all the six isolates showed more than 90% nucleotide (nt) identities with tomato leaf curl virus coat protein (CP) gene. The technique describe above can be applied for the easy and proper molecular diagnosis of the ToLCVD for the development of sustainable strategies to manage this disease.

Problem statement: Few studies have tested the mediating effect of work-family conflict on the relationship between workplace culture and job stress. Approach: This study tested a mediation model consisting of job stress as the dependent variable, perceived family-supportive work culture as the independent variable and work-family conflict as the mediator. Data were gathered from 693 employees from private service organizations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, using self-administered questionnaires. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Results of correlation analysis revealed that perceived family-supportive work culture was related to work-family conflict and job stress and work-family conflict was related to job stress. Results of a series of multiple regression analyses indicated that work-family conflict partially mediates the relationship between perceived family-supportive work culture and job stress. Conclusion/Recommendations: Employees who perceive that their organizations are family-supportive seem to experience less stress at the workplace and less work-family conflict. Employers should take into consideration employees’ perceptions of how supportive the organization is of their family needs as a factor that could reduce the experience of work-family conflict and job stress. Employers should also look into the possibility of developing programmes to assist employees in managing work-family roles