In 1923 Rowntree and his co-workers 1 of the Mayo Clinic were the first to attempt to visualize the urinary tract by means of the intravenous injection of a 10 per cent solution of sodium iodide and also by the oral administration of that salt. The urinary bladder, and in some cases the pelvis and ureter, could be visualized.The following year Rosenstein and von Lichtenberg 2 reported at the urologic congress in Berlin their results, repeating the work of Rowntree and his co-workers with sodium iodide but in conjunction with perirenal pneumoradiography.In the same year Volkmann 3 reported his observations with the use of different halogen compounds; he found the intravenous injection of a 10 per cent solution of sodium iodide to be best.In 1927 Lenarduzzi and Pecco,4 tying off the ureter and injecting sodium iodide intravenously in animals, obtained positive roentgenograms of the kidney, pelvis and ureter.Hryntschak5 at the urologic congress in Berlin in 1928 and in a publication in 1929 6 reported his results with the use of a large series of bromine and iodine compounds, aromatic in nature, carrying out about 200 animal experiments. Neither the names nor the chemical formulas of the substances used by him are stated. In his publication the only detail of the chemical composition of three of them applied and numbered 13, 27 and 48 is that the first two were iodine and the last a bromine compound. In some of his experiments he simultaneously used an adjuvant, such as caffeine, urea, pituitary extract and atropine, to influence excre¬ tion and the dynamics of the pelvis and ureter. He obtained some positive results in animals and in a female patient. In his conclusions he stated that although, two and a half years ago, he had been able to obtain useful intravenous pyelograms in a few cases, the method had by no means met the conditions set forth by him. He, however, expressed the hope of accomplishing his aims by continued investigations.
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