been more encouraging. The trial should therefore not be regarded as a definitive dismissal of the promise of these or related agents. 3 Theoretically, depression in bipolar disorder is a more heterogeneous construct than mania, which is more monothematically biological in its causation. Depression is driven by a far wider array and admixture of biological factors, consequences of behaviours while manic, losses in domains such as educational and vocational horizons, relationships, personality, finances, guilt, stigma, and self-stigma, among others. Therefore, it is arguably ambitious at the outset to expect a singular biological therapy targeting one biological marker of the disorder to address all phenotypes of this heterogeneous clinical presentation. The complexity of bipolar depression might be an explanation more broadly for the relatively common failure of singular treatment approaches. These failures suggest that polyvalent and personalised therapies predicated on individualised profiles are needed to select from the diverse pharmacological, neurostimulatory, nutraceutical, lifestyle, and psychological approaches that are available. 10 In sum, this might not be the last word on the potential role of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of bipolar depression, but notwithstanding the methodological issues that accompany any clinical trial, the promise of targeting the inflammation pathway in the management of this challenging condition is today somewhat weaker.
Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the development of needed prevention strategies, interventions and policy changes. This article summarizes existing research findings, and makes recommendations for addressing knowledge gaps and applying current knowledge to relevant areas of suicide prevention practice.
A revised and refined version of the O'Carroll et al. (1996) nomenclature for suicidology is presented, with a focus on suicide-related ideations, communications, and behaviors. The hope is that this refinement will result in the development of operational definitions and field testing of this nomenclature in clinical and research settings. This revision would not have been possible without the international collaboration and dialogue addressing the nomenclature of suicidology since the O'Carroll et al. nomenclature appeared in 1996.Although it is doubtful that we will ever be able to construct universally unambiguous criteria to comprehensively characterize suicidal behaviors (and, overall, firmly establish the intention behind them), for scientific clarity it would be highly desirable that the set of definitions and the associated terminology be explicit and generalizable.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.