The incidence of VCD and swallowing dysfunction in neonates undergoing aortic arch reconstruction is high. Patients with VCD have a significantly higher incidence of gastrostomy placement and aspiration. In the Norwood population, length of stay is not associated with presence or absence of VCD. More than 70% of patients in each group who had direct flexible laryngoscopy follow-up recovered vocal cord function.
The flow area of inlets on sandy coasts is a unique function of the tidal prism when equilibrium has been achieved. The size of material, the presence or absence of jetties, and the magnitude of general littoral drift does not appear to affect this equilibrium flow area within the accuracy of the data available. In the summer of 1929, the writer made a reconnaissance of the beaches and harbors of the Pacific Coast of the United States for the predecessor organization of the U. S. Beach Erosion Board. In tiie years preceding this study, many tidal inlets on the Worth Pacific Coast had been improved for navigation by constructing jetties, and the progress of these inlets towards stabilization was being followed through frequent hydrographic surveys, which were available for study. The obvious fact that large inlets were found at large bays and small inlets at small bays suggested the possibility that there might be a unique relationship between entrance area and tidal prism.
In flowing streams the percentage of suspended material decreases with distance above the bed and, with a certain depth and average velocity, particles above a critical size or specific gravity are not put into suspension. As the random velocities which make up the turbulent flow (turbulent flow as distinguished from laminar or viscous flow) also provide the means for carrying the particles into the interior of the fluid, a quantitative theory of turbulent‐flow should also provide a theory for distribution of material in suspension. The present paper is a review of the theory of turbulent flow developed by Osborne Reynolds, Prandtl, von Karman, and Taylor, and of its application to the distribution of suspended material by Schmidt and others.
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