A versatile CO releasing material (CORMA) was generated by embedding light-sensitive Mn2(CO)10 into nanoporous non-wovens via electrospinning.
The straightforward synthesis of a urea polymer network is presented. Commercially available monomers are polymerized using light-induced polymerization, resulting in networks crosslinked by hindered urea molecules. These moieties are reversible and, thus, can be converted into the starting compounds (that is, isocyanate and amine) by a simple thermal treatment. This process is monitored using differential scanning calorimetry as well as Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the self-healing ability of these polymer networks is investigated using scratch-healing tests as well as bulk-healing investigations using tensile testing. The resultant materials have a high E-modulus, are able to heal scratches at temperatures above 70°C multiple times and their mechanical properties can be partially regenerated. The underlying healing mechanism is based on the reversible opening of the urea bonds and exchange reactions between two functional groups, which were confirmed from a spectroscopic analysis. In summary, these new materials are a new type of intrinsically healable polymers and provide a first step toward hard and healable polymers.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas for mammals, and despite this fact, it is naturally produced in these organisms and has been proven to be beneficial in medical treatments, too. Therefore, CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) are intensively developed to administer and dose CO for physiological applications. Nearly all of these compounds are metal carbonyl complexes, which have been synthesized and investigated. However, for most of these CORMs, the exact reaction mechanisms of CO release is not completely elucidated, although it is of utmost importance. The widely used myoglobin assay for testing the CO release has several disadvantages, and therefore, different methods have to be applied to characterize CORMs. In this work, different setups of IR absorption spectroscopy are used to analyze and quantify the CO release during the decay of various CORMs: IR spectroscopy of the gas phase is applied to follow the CO liberation, and attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectroscopy is used to record the decay of the metal carbonyl. IR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations yields valuable insights in the CO release reaction mechanism. The focus is set on two different CORMs: CORM-2 (Ru2(CO)(6)Cl(4)) and on the photoactive CORM-S1 (photoCORM [Fe(CO)2(SCH2CH2NH2)2]). Our results indicate that the CO liberation from CORM-2 strongly depends on sodium dithionite, which is required for the commonly applied myoglobin assay and that CORM-S1 loses all its bound CO molecules upon irradiation with blue light.
[Mn(CO)5Br] reacts with cysteamine and 4-amino-thiophenyl with a ratio of 2:3 in refluxing tetrahydrofuran to the complexes of the type [{(OC)3Mn}2(μ-SCH2CH2NH3)3]Br2 (1, CORM-EDE1) and [{(OC)3Mn}2(μ-SC6H4-4-NH3)3]Br2 (2, CORM-EDE2). Compound 2 precipitates during refluxing of the tetrahydrofuran solution as a yellow solid whereas 1 forms a red oil that slowly solidifies. Recrystallization of 2 from water yields the HBr-free complex [{(OC)3Mn}2(μ-S-C6H4-4-NH2)2(μ-SC6H4-4-NH3)] (3). The n-propylthiolate ligand (which is isoelectronic to the bridging thiolate of 1) leads to the formation of the di- and tetranuclear complexes [(OC)4Mn(μ-S-nPr)2]2 and [(OC)3Mn(μ-S-nPr)]4. CORM-EDE1 possesses ideal properties to administer carbon monoxide to biological and medicinal tissues upon irradiation (photoCORM). Isolated crystalline CORM-EDE1 can be handled at ambient and aerobic conditions. This complex is nontoxic, highly soluble in water, and indefinitely stable therein in the absence of air and phosphate buffer. CORM-EDE1 is stable as frozen stock in aqueous solution without any limitations, and these stock solutions maintain their CO release properties. The reducing dithionite does not interact with CORM-EDE1, and therefore, the myoglobin assay represents a valuable tool to study the release kinetics of this photoCORM. After CO liberation, the formation of MnHPO4 in aqueous buffer solution can be verified.
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