The currently available weed control system in sugar beet cultivation has low flexibility due to the necessity of applications at the cotyledon stage of the weeds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new herbicide providing more flexibility in terms of application time. In 2013 and 2014, efficacy of an ALS-inhibiting herbicide (foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone-methyl) was evaluated in six field trials in Germany. Sugar beet varieties not sensitive to ALS-inhibiting herbicides are currently in the breeding process. The herbicide was tested on five weed species in different development stages (later than cotyledon stage). In the trials, only weeds but no sugar beet were sown. The herbicide was applied with three dosages at five development stages of the weeds. Efficacy towards Brassica napusL. and Galium aparineL. was nearly 100%. Efficacy towards Chenopodium albumL., Matricaria chamomillaL. and Polygonum convolvulusL. was reduced due to unfavorable weather conditions and with decreasing dosages and increasing development stages. Efficacy was lowest in case of Chenopodium album being close to 95% at BBCH 14 and 16 with 0.50L/ha and 1.00L/ha, respectively. It was thus concluded that the herbicide can be applied later than at cotyledon stage. This implies more flexibility of application timing than current herbicides. To develop a comprehensive evaluation of the weed control system, further studies regarding selectivity, duration of efficacy and resistance risks are necessary.
The duration of the soil activity of an acetolactate synthase-(ALS) inhibiting herbicide which is currently under approval for sugar beet cultivation was determined in a field trial series in Germany in 2013 and 2014. The herbicide containing foramsulfuron (FSN; 50 g L−1) and thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM; 30 g L−1) was applied in different dosages (25+15, 37.5+22.5 and 50+30 g FSN+TCM ha−1) to the bare soil. Five weed species (rapeseed, common lambsquarters, wild chamomile, blackgrass, barnyardgrass) were sown at 5, 10, 15 and 20d after application. The duration of the soil activity was assessed by determining percent weed control in the treated plots. The longest duration was observed after applying 50+30 g FSN+TCM ha−1, but the influence of environment was much stronger than the dosage effect. The mean duration of soil activity was 10 to 15 d in 2013 and longer than 20 d in 2014. Differences among weed species in their response to the herbicide treatments were small.
Summary A new herbicide for sugar beet cultivation using the ALS‐inhibiting active ingredients foramsulfuron and thiencarbazone‐methyl is under approval in the EU member states. Sugar beet genotypes that are non‐sensitive to this herbicide are currently under development. Selectivity of the ALS‐inhibiting herbicide and yield response of the non‐sensitive genotypes might be relevant to meet the requirements for variety registration. To evaluate these issues, six field trials were conducted in Germany in 2013 and 2014. Classic herbicides and the ALS‐inhibitor herbicide were applied in dosages of up to fourfold the authorised (or applied for) application rates. The ALS‐inhibitor herbicide did not cause any significant phytotoxicity and had no effect on leaf area index at a single, double or fourfold dosage. By contrast, classic herbicides had significant negative effects at the single dosage. At fourfold dosage, they caused 41% phytotoxicity and reduced leaf area index by 35%. The relative yield difference between ALS‐inhibitor and classic herbicide treatments was 8.6% and 17.4% of white sugar yield at double and fourfold dosage respectively. The ALS‐inhibitor herbicide thus showed higher selectivity than the classic herbicides. In the registration process, the resulting yield advantage could balance a possible yield penalty of non‐sensitive genotypes. The introduction of a new system for weed control could improve application flexibility and control of troublesome weeds in sugar beet.
Der Beitrag fasst den bisherigen Kenntnisstand aus Publikationen zur Wirksamkeit des Herbizides Conviso One (Wirkstoffe: Foramsulfuron und Thiencarbazone-methyl, beide ALS-Inhibitoren) im Zuckerrübenanbau zusammen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen im Vergleich zu den bisher genutzten Herbiziden eine hohe Wirksamkeit auch bei höheren Entwicklungsstadien der Unkräuter. Begrenzend ist dabei das Entwicklungsstadium von Chenopodium album, welcher bis BBCH 14 wirksam bekämpft werden kann. Weiterhin kann die Bodenwirksamkeit mit durchschnittlich ca. 15 Tagen das Intervall zwischen den Applikationen verlängern. Conviso One hat eine hohe Wirksamkeit gegenüber einigen schwer bekämpfbaren Unkrautarten wie Mercurialis annua oder Durchwuchskartoffel (Solanum tuberosum) sowie eine Wirkung gegen Gräser. Spritzfolgen und/oder Tankmischungen aus klassischen Herbiziden und Conviso One erreichen unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen den höchsten Wirkungsgrad und sind insbesondere wegen des hohen Resistenzrisikos der beiden Wirkstoffe zur Vermeidung von Resistenzen zu bevorzugen.
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