European Monetary Union (EMU) is one of the cornerstones of the post-Maastricht European project. Inasmuch as the Maastricht Treaty adopted a binding horizon for the creation of a unitary currency comprising the vast majority of the Member States, the Treaty provided for the blueprint, as of 1992, to initiate, in the area of monetary policy, the still lasting process of the European project’s political integration. As a result, the first pillars of a European economic policy followed, creating an edifice under the name of EMU that is still in the making, but has nevertheless developed, at this point, into a crucial pillar of the European Union’s (EU) constitutional charter.
Written in a transitional period between the two World Wars and taking place during the Austro-Hungarian monarchy's last days before World War I, Austrian author Robert Musil's novel, “The Man Without Qualities” considers the societal need of preserving order in times of political disorder by tracing the story of Ulrich, the “man without qualities”. Claiming that “if all that high-speed business doesn't suit us, let's do something else!”, the novel's main character emphasizes the emerging challenge of social cohesion in times of political transformation: between the collisions of public power and private autonomy; a nation-state past and an international future; and collective action and individual capacity.
Terrorismusfinanzierung im Schatten internationaler Finanzströme und Geldwäsche stellt im Kontext globaler Sicherheitsarchitektur im Kampf gegen den Terrorismus ein spiegelbildliches Phänomen dar: Finanzströme ermöglichen den Einsatz legal erworbener, unauffälliger Gelder in terroristischen Angelegenheiten, während im Rahmen der Geldwäsche Gelder illegalen Ursprungs für den internationalen Finanzmarkt »gewaschen« und aufbereitet werden. Abwehrrechtlicher Anknüpfungspunkt der Terrorismusbekämpfung ist zur Beschneidung von finanziellen Ressourcen sonach zunächst der Sektor der Finanzdienstleistungen, dessen Wege die »schmutzigen Gelder« eines global agierenden Terrornetzwerks unabdingbar kreuzen müssen und der sich damit in Gestalt der Kreditinstitute zum Handlungsinstrument intensiver Kontroll-und Verfolgungsbemühungen der am Sicherheitszweck orientierten Präventionspolitik der Behörden gemacht hat. Hierzu wird die Bedrohung durch Organisierte Kriminalität und Terrorismus für die Integrität der staatlichen Organe und die Freiheit der wirtschaftlichen Akteure zur deutschen Standortfrage empor gehoben. 2 2 Vgl. Schily, Gesetze gegen die Geldwäsche und gegen die Finanzierung des Terrorismus -eine stille Verfassungsreform?, WM 2003, 1249.
Despite the maturity of IT project management in research and practice, a consistent understanding of IT project success (ITPS) and its constituents is still absent. The main objective of this paper is to ascertain the important constructs of ITPS and their interdependencies to overcome the absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework. Based on an initial literature search and six expert interviews, we built and validated a conceptual model consisting of critical success factors, contingency factors, and two success dimensions, whose interdependencies are illustrated by four propositions. Moreover, we extracted 67 critical success factors in ten categories from a structured literature review to harmonize the multitude of success factors stated in literature. The proposed model serves as a starting point for future research, which should focus on the detailed quantitative-empirical investigation of the cause-effect relationships and the contingency factors to validate our propositions and provide a generally accepted theory of ITPS.
Between the relics of a nation state past and the promises of a transnational future, the normative evolution of the European Union has rightly been described as “an international legal experiment.” Europeanization, in that sense, has been construed as an experimental legal mode for the integration of national economic diversity through harmonized regulation. Even though the European Union's operating code has remained decisively economic, the normative matrix itself has transcended the historical objective of economic homogeneity. European integration therefore experienced a normative turn after the completion of the single market; the European Union progressively captured the social space of the continent, evolving into a societal experiment of normative imagination and cultural plurality, taking it beyond economic integration, market freedoms, and monetary stability.
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