A plant's development is strongly linked to the water and carbon flows in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Expected climate shifts will alter the water and carbon cycles and affect plant phenotypes. Comprehensive models which simulate mechanistically and dynamically the feedback loops between a plant's three-dimensional development and the water and carbon flows are useful tools to evaluate the sustainability of genotype-environment-management combinations which do not yet exist. In this study, we present the latest version of the open-source three-dimensional Functional-Structural Plant Model CPlantBox with PiafMunch and DuMu$^\mathrm{x}$ coupling. We simulated semi-mechanistically the development of generic C3 monocots from 10 to 25 days after sowing and undergoing an atmospheric dry spell of one week (no precipitation). We compared the results for dry spells starting on different days (day 11 or 18) and with different climates (wetter and colder against drier and warmer atmospheric and initial soil conditions). Compared with the wetter and colder climate, the dry spell with the drier and warmer climate led to a lower instantaneous water use efficiency. Moreover, the lower symplasm turgor for the drier and warmer climate limited the growth, which made the sucrose available for other processes, such as maintenance respiration. Both of these effects were stronger for the later dry spell compared with the early dry spell under the drier and warmer climate. We could thus use CPlantBox to simulate diverging emerging processes (like carbon partitioning) defining the plants' phenotypic plasticity response to their environment.
A plant’s development is strongly linked to the water and carbon flows in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Expected climate shifts will alter the water and carbon cycles and will affect plant phenotypes. Comprehensive models which simulate mechanistically and dynamically the feedback loops between a plant’s three-dimensional development and the water and carbon flows are useful tools to evaluate the sustainability of genotype-environment-management combinations which do not yet exist. In this study, we present the latest version of the open-source three-dimensional Functional-Structural Plant Model CPlantBox with PiafMunch and DuMu x coupling. This new implementation can be used to study the interactions between known or hypothetical processes at the plant scale. We simulated semi-mechanistically the development of generic C3 monocots from 10 to 25 days after sowing and undergoing an atmospheric dry spell of one week (no precipitation). We compared the results for dry spells starting on different days (day 11 or 18) against a wetter and colder baseline scenario. Compared with the baseline, the dry spells led to a lower instantaneous water use efficiency. Moreover, the temperature-induced increased enzymatic activity led to a higher maintenance respiration which diminished the amount of sucrose available for growth. Both of these effects were stronger for the later dry spell compared with the early dry spell. We could thus use CPlantBox to simulate diverging emerging processes (like carbon partitioning) defining the plants’ phenotypic plasticity response to their environment. The model remains to be validated against independent observations of the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Continuum.
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