Purpose We present a case report with an ocular vascular event and multiple organ thrombosis and dysfunction in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Methods We report a case of a 79 years old female related visual loss in left eye. She had a venous occlusion and vitreous haemorrhage. In two weeks presented a maculopapular, bullous skin lesions on the legs, rapidly followed by widespread cutaneous necrosis and skin ulceration on all the limbs showing the tendons tissues of the heels. Later, she had an extension of thrombotic events to other vessels in the body. With medical treatment, there was initially a small functional improvement and then a general degradation in 10 weeks, followed by the death of the patient secondary to sever pulmonary emboli in the intensive care unit. Results It was found histopathologic evidence of multiple small‐vessel occlusions, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies, in high title. It was refractory to anticoagulation, steroids and immunomodulation treatment Conclusion Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a rapidly progressive life‐threating disease. Catastrophic occurs when three or more organ systems are affected by thromboses in a very short time less than a week. Roughly 50% of these patients have systemic lupus erythematosus. The overall mortality of this desvasting syndrome is about one‐half.
Two 6‐year‐old ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), housed in two different zoological institutions, were evaluated for nonpruritic nodules located on the eyelids, lips and chest. The first lemur was anaesthetized for diagnostic investigations. Although pan‐herpes polymerase chain reaction was positive and bacterial culture yielded Staphylococcus warneri, histopathology of skin biopsies revealed a severe chronic dermatitis and folliculitis with intralesional arthropods, identified as Psorobia sp. on skin scrapings. The second lemur was also diagnosed a psorergatic mange. After several treatment failures, weekly topical applications of amitraz were performed and a minimum of five applications were necessary to notice the complete resolution of the lesions. Amitraz toxicity was not observed, despite the first lemur being pregnant at the time of treatment. This is the first report of psorergatic mange in a prosimian species and the first reported use of amitraz as a successful treatment for this disease.
Purpose The aim of this study was to compared the effect of cataract extraction by phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation on measured intraocular pressure (IOP) using the Goldmann applanation tonometer, the Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GT) and pneumotonometer (PT) Methods 97 eyes were measured in the operated eye one day before and one day, one week and one month after cataract surgery with the three tonometers, the IOP, ocular pulse amplitude (OPA),and central corneal thickness (CCT) Results Corneal edema induced by phacoemulsification cataract surgery resulted in statistically significant increases in CCT (87,8 μm SD 56,8 ;p< 0,001), Pascal DCT IOP (4,8 mmHg, SD 8,0; p< 0,001),Goldmann IOP (1,4 mmHg, SD 5,1;p<0,015) and OPA (0,9 mmHg, SD 3,5; p< 0,025) but not in pneumotonometry IOP (1,1mmHg, SD 5,3; p=0,065). Changes in IOP measured by GT and PT were less than those measured by the Pascal DCT. The variation between the Pascal DCT (Rho 0,247; p=0,038), and Pneumotonometer (Rho 0,358; p=0,002) was strongly correlated to the change in CCT Conclusion Corneal edema after phacoemulsification cataract surgery increased IOP readings in the three tonometer compared, this increment is bigger in Pascal DCT readings. Changes in CCT are statistically significant associated with increased Pascal DCT IOP readings. Change in corneal biomechanics may in part be responsible for increased in the measured of IOP with Pascal DCT and GT
CASE DESCRIPTION A 7-month-old hand-reared female Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) was evaluated for bilateral ocular opacity of 3 months’ duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS On physical examination, the wallaby was in good overall condition. An ophthalmic examination revealed mature cataracts in both eyes (OU). The cataracts were suspected to have a nutritional origin as it has been described in hand-reared macropods. Results of tonometry were normal OU. Results of CBC and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. The wallaby was premedicated with medetomidine and ketamine hydrochloride. Ocular ultrasonography performed while the wallaby was anesthetized revealed a thickened and opaque lens, mildly heterogeneous vitreous humor, and no sign of retinal detachment OU. An electroretinogram confirmed functional retinae OU. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Surgery was considered necessary for welfare reasons. Phacoemulsification and vitrectomy were performed without intraoperative complication. The wallaby recovered uneventfully, and systemic NSAID, topical corticosteroid, and systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy were prescribed. One year later, the animal had vision OU. Physical examination did not show any vision-threatening postoperative complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The etiology of nutritional cataracts is not fully understood in macropods, but this condition is rather common in these species. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of a successful bilateral phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in a Bennett’s wallaby.
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