The study of ceramic drying is theme of several researches today. In most case, this research is realized experimentally, making possible measurements errors that reverberating in data slightly out of the expected, or erroneous. Numerical simulation emerges like a tool that allows the reproduction of experiments using computers and suitable software’s. The use of numerical simulation enables fast changes in boundary conditions and help in the improvement of an unit operation. This paper aims to predict the drying process of an industrial hollow ceramic brick using the liquid diffusion model to describe the behavior of the temperature and moisture content inside the brick and drying kinetics along time, with the help of the Ansys® CFX commercial package. Predicted results of the average moisture content and temperature of the brick were compared with experimental results, and good agreements were obtained. It was verified that regions with smaller thickness dry and heat faster than the others.
The drying process can be defined how unit operation for removing water of one moist solid to an unsaturated gaseous phase due to heat transfer. Numerical simulation emerges like a tool that allows the reproduction of drying experiments using computers and suitable softwares. In this sense, this works aims to predict drying process of an industrial hollow ceramic brick inside the kiln using computational fluid dynamics analysis. For one drying temperature of 60°C, results of the drying and heating kinetics, and moisture content, velocity and temperature distributions are shown and analyzed. A comparison between predicted and experimental data of the moisture content and temperature of the brick along the process was done and a good agreement was obtained.
The manufacture of clay bricks goes through several phases, among which are clay wetting, molding, drying and firing. The drying process has a high energy consumption and the material needs to be dried with control for avoid it to be unusable after drying. Optimization of the drying process (reduction of process time and energy expenditure) is crucial for the ceramist industry. In this sense, this work aims to make a transient thermal study of the temperature distribution in an industrial brick due to the energy supply of drying-air flowing inner it turbulent regime. The study is performed through numerical simulation using the software ANSYS® CFX. Transient results are displayed in terms of fields of the temperature and air velocity, and temperature of the brick. It was concluded that the higher the velocity of flow of hot air, the faster the heat diffuses into the brick. Independent of air velocity, there are temperature gradients on the surface of the brick
This work aims to develop a transient three-dimensional mathematical model to predict the temperature distribution in a fixed-bed elliptical cylindrical reactor to different geometric aspect ratio (L2/L1=1.5, 2.0 and 3.0). The model considers variable thermo-physical properties, a flat temperature profile at the fluid inlet, as well as a variable porosity model. The governing equation is solved using the finite volume method, coupled with WUDS interpolation scheme and fully implicit method. Results of the temperature profile along the reactor are presented and discussed at different times. As results, it was found that the maximum rate of heat transfer within the reactor occurs near the minor half-axis region of the ellipse (cross-section area of the reactor) and it intensifies over time and that the dimensionless temperature profile is practically unchanged with the aspect ratio.
The manufacture of ceramic brick goes through the stages of raw material extraction, clay homogenization, material conformation, drying and firing. Drying is the phase that needs greater care, as it involves removing part of the moisture from the brick, in order to preserve its quality after process. This work aims to predict heat and mass transfer in the drying of ceramic bricks in oven using computational fluid dynamics. Considering the constant thermophysical properties, a transient three-dimensional mathematical model was used to predict mass and energy transfer between the material and air during the process. Drying simulations at temperature of 100°C were performed with the air flow in the frontal direction to the ceramic brick holes and the results were compared with those obtained for the air flow in the perpendicular direction to the brick holes reported in the literature. It was found that the position of the brick in relation to the direction of air flow inside the oven affected directly the drying and heating kinetics, and the distribution of temperature and moisture content inside the brick. The positioning of the holes in the brick parallel to the direction of the air flow resulted in reduction at the drying time and, consequently, in energy savings in the process, more uniform drying, and improvement in the product quality.
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